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1、钱清中学高一英语寒假作业钱清中学高一英语寒假作业 （一）（一）第一部分第一部分 阅读理解阅读理解 第一节第一节 A Etymology, the study of words and word roots, may sound like the kind of thing done by boring librarians in small, dusty rooms. Yet etymologists actually have a uniquely interesting job. They are in many ways just like archaeologists(考古学家) di
2、gging up the physical history of people and events. The special aspect of etymology is that it digs up history, so to speak, through the words and phrases that are left behind. The English language, in particular, is a great field to explore history through words. As a language, English has an extra
3、ordinary number of words. This is partly due to its ability to adapt foreign words so readily. For example, “English” words such as kindergarten(from German), croissant(from French), and cheetah(from Hindi) have become part of the language with little or no change from their original sounds and spel
4、lings. So English-language etymologists have a vast world of words to explore.来源:Z_xx_k.Com Another enjoyable thing about etymology for most word experts is solving word mysteries(谜). No, etymologists do not go around solving murders, like the great detective Sherlock Holmes. What these word experts
5、 solve are mysterious origins of some of our most common words. One of the biggest questions English language experts have pursued is how English came to have the phrase OK. Though it is one of the most commonly used expressions, its exact beginning is a puzzle even to this day. Even its spelling is
6、 not entirely consistent- unless you spell it Okay, it is hard even to call it a word. Etymologists have been able to narrow OKs origin down to a likely, although not certain, source(来源). It became widely used around the time of Martin Van Burens run for president in 1840. His nickname was Old Kinde
7、rhook. What troubles word experts about this explanation is that the phrase appeared in some newspapers before Van Buren became well known. It is likely that Van Buren could be called its primary source. Etymologists will doubtlessly keep searching for the original source. However, it is clear that
8、OKs popularity and reputation have topped those of the American president to whom it has been most clearly linked. 1. The author mentions the words like “croissant” in Paragraph 2 to show _. A. words have changed a lot in the two languages B. what English-language etymologists are exploring now C. E
9、nglish has absorbed many words from other foreign languages D. the English vocabulary is difficult to the non-English-speaking people 2. The underlined word “pursued” in Paragraph 4 means _. A. looked uponB. dug upC. put inD. set down 3. We can learn from the passage that etymologists _. A. discover
10、 the possible origin of words B. help detectives to solve mysterious murders C. write interesting stories for some newspapers D. explore the English language as well as the recent events 4. What most probably is the major purpose of the passage? A. To present the history of English words. B. To expl
11、ain what anetymologist does for his job. C. To introduce the pleasure of the study of words and word roots. D. To teach readers how to tell English words from non-English words. B You might notice something new in the next few years as you watch Disney programs: Starting in 2015, there wont be any c
12、andy, sugary cereal or fast-food commercials(广告) aimed at kids. The Walt Disney Company has become the first major media company to ban ads for junk food on its TV channels, radio stations and websites. It hopes this will stop kids from making poor food choices. First Lady Michelle Obama called it a
13、 “game changer” that is sure to send a message to the rest of the childrens entertainment industry. “Just a few years ago, if you had told me or any other mom or dad in America that our kids wouldnt see a single ad for junk food while they watched their favorite cartoons on a major TV network, we wo
14、uldnt have believed you, ” said the First Lady, who heads a campaign to help stop child obesity (肥胖). The ban would apply to Disney-owned ABC stations as well as Radio Disney and Disney- owned websites aimed at families with young children. In addition, Disney plans to make changes to its kids menus
15、 at theme parks and resorts(度假胜地). Fast-food options will be replaced with healthier choices, such as smoothies(果汁), apples, vegetables and yogurt. In addition to candy bars and fast-food meals, other foods that dont meet Disneys nutritional standards will be banned from the companys kid-targeted me
16、dia. Any cereal with 10 grams or more of sugar per serving will be off the air. There will be no ads for full meals of more than 600 calories. Juices with high levels of sugar and foods with too much salt will also be pulled. Leslie Goodman, Disneys senior vice-president of Corporate Citizenship, said a company that wants to advertise will need to show that it offers a range of healthy options. Disney isnt the only one
