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1、摘 要 随着认知心理学在心理学研究中主导地位的确立，影响攻击性的认知因素逐渐受到了重视。由于攻击性与人类社会文明之间存在着一定的矛盾与冲突，其认知因素很大程度属于无意识范畴，因此从内隐社会认知的角度来探讨攻击性就是一个非常重要的课题。 国外研究表明，个体早期的攻击性是成人期暴力犯罪较好的预测指标。进入九十年代以来，农民工问题逐渐成了学术界和社会普遍关注和研究的热点，有关论著也层出不穷。但他们为城市做出特殊贡献的同时，由他们滋生出的犯罪问题也成为构建和谐社会不和谐的声音，引起社会的广泛关注。 本研究是在前人的基础上，从内隐社会认知的角度对攻击性进行了实验研究。内隐攻击性用 IAT 测量，外显攻击
2、性用自陈式量表测量。研究目的是期望通过内隐联想测验来检验是否农民工在内隐层面比非农民工存在对攻击性更强的偏好，这种偏好和以往对攻击性的内隐社会认知研究是否具有相似的特点，同时它与自陈式量表所测量的外显攻击性之间是否属于同一种心理结构。由此发现农民工犯罪的深层原因，以期为解决构建和谐社会中农民工攻击行为提供策略和犯罪问题提供参考。研究结果表明： （1）农民工和非农民工群体在两种联合任务上都存在显著差异；农民工群体两种联合任务的反应时都明显高于非农民工群体。 （2）农民工群体两种问卷总分都明显高于非农民工群体；农民工群体在攻击问卷四个维度上的得分也明显高于非农民工群体。 （3）男女两性在内隐攻击性
3、上差异不显著；在身体攻击维度上男性得分明显高于女性；在言语攻击维度上女性得分高于男性。 （4）两代农民工群体在两种联合任务上都存在显著差异；新生代农民工群体两种联合任务的反应时都明显低于老一代农民工群体。 （5）建筑业农民工的内隐攻击性得分显著高于教师和学生。 （6）学历是大专及以上的非农民工群体在攻击问卷上的得分与小学没读完、小学毕业、初中毕业的农民工群体都存在显著差异。 （7）内隐攻击性测量与外显攻击性测量相关都很低，且不显著；两个外显攻击性测量之间具有高度相关，且显著。 （8）在农民工内隐攻击性的影响中言语攻击可能是一个“中介变量”，外显攻击性的其他因子对内隐攻击性结果的影响可能是通过言
4、语攻击而产生的。 （9）农民工对意图不明的伤害更倾向于作敌意性归因解释和攻击性反应预测。 （10）对行为意图的解释以及给对方造成损失赔偿的合理性，是敌意性归因偏见是否转化为攻击行为的主要因素。 关键词关键词：攻击性 农民工 内隐社会认知 内隐联想测验 IIAbstract With the establishment of a dominant position of Cognitive Psychology in Psychological Research, the cognitive factors of affecting aggression are gradually paid a
5、ttention. As there are some contradictions and conflicts between human civilization and aggression, cognitive factors are unconsciously areas in some extent. Aggression is a very important issue from the perspective of implicit social cognition. Foreign research shows that early individual aggressio
6、n is a better predictor of adult violent crime. Since the 1990s, the problem of peasant workers gradually became the hot spots in the academic field and the community. And the works about it are also endless. When they made special contributions to the city, they commit crime to the harmonious socie
7、ty. It has caused widespread concern in society. My study is the experiment on aggression from the implicit social cognition. The implicit aggression is measured by the Implicit Association Test (IAT). The explicit aggression is measured by self-report questionnaire measurement. The goal of the stud
8、y is to find whether there is some intention to the aggressive material on the IAT compared with the conclusion acquired by the other method previously on the implicit social cognition of aggression, and whether there are same characteristic in the bias and whether it is the same mental structure in
9、 explicit aggression as self-report questionnaire so as to find the underlying causes that peasant workers commit crime for building a harmonious society in resolving the aggressive behavior of peasants in providing strategic information and crime problems. The result: (1) Non-agricultural workers a
10、nd peasant workers in the two joint task groups have significant differences; the two groups of peasant workers of the joint task reaction time are significantly higher than those of non-agricultural workers groups. (2) Two kinds of questionnaire scores of the group of peasant workers are significan
11、tly higher than those of non-agricultural workers groups. The four dimensions on questionnaire of aggression are scored significantly higher than non-farm workers groups. (3) Men and women have not significant difference in implicit aggression. Dimensions in physical attacks on men scored significan
12、tly higher than women. Women scored higher than men in the speech attack dimension. III(4) Two generations of peasant workers in the two joint task groups still have significant differences; the two joint tasks of groups of the new generation of peasant workers when the Women scored higher than men
13、in the speech attack dimension. (5) Construction of migrant workers implicit attack scored significantly higher than those of teachers and students. (6) The peasant workers with different education score significantly. (7) D value has little correlation with hostility questionnaire in score and with
14、 aggression questionnaire; two self-report scales are highly relevant and significant. (8) Speech aggression may be “intermediary variables“ in implicit aggression of peasant workers. The result from the other factors of explicit aggression to the implicit may generate through verbal aggression. (9)
15、 Peasant workers more inclined to do explaination of hostility of the attacks and and to predict the response. (10) It is the major factors whether the bias on the hospitality of attribution to aggressive behaviour of the major factors that to explain the intent of the act and to the other side of t
16、he losses caused by the compensation were reasonable. Key words: Aggression; Peasant workers; implicit social cognition; Implicit Association Test IV独创性声明 本人声明所呈交的论文是我个人在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。尽我所知，除了文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外，论文中不包括其他人已经发表或撰写过的研究成果，也不包含为获得西北师范大学或其他教育机构的学位或证书而使用过的材料。与我一同工作的同志对本研究所做的任何贡献均已在论文中作了明确的说明并表示了谢意。 签名： 日期： 关于论文使用授权的说明 本人完全了解西北师范大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，即：学校有权保留送交论文的复印件，允许论文被查阅和借阅；学校可以公布论文的全部或部分内容，可以采用影印、缩印或其他复制手段保存论文。 （保密的论文在解密后应遵守此规定） 签名：
