《谓语动词放在主语之前的这种语法现象称为倒装从倒装的...》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《谓语动词放在主语之前的这种语法现象称为倒装从倒装的...（64页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、倒装倒装谓语动词放在主语之前的这种语法现象称为倒装。从倒装的形式来看，可分为全部倒 装(full inversion)和部分倒装(partial inversion)两种。前者是指整个谓语置于主语之 前，而后者仅是指助动词、情态动词或 be 动词等功能置于主语这前。引起倒装的情况多种多样，倒装的表现形式大体有下列几种：1在疑问句中例 1：How are you getting along with your work?例 2：Is this report written in detail?注：如疑问词作主语或者作定语修饰主语时，不发生倒装。2在 there be 及其类似结构中例 1：The
2、re are forty students in our class. 例 2：There seem to be still some elements undiscovered yet.例 3：There stands a bridge across the river.3在表示祝愿的句子中例 1：Long live the Peoples Republic of China!例 2：May you succeed!例 3：Dog-tired though they were, they continued to march on.4在省略 if 的虚拟语气条件状语从句中这类句子中有 wer
3、e, had, should 等词时，把 were, had 或 should 置于句首。例 1：Were there no air or water, there would be no life in the world.例 2：Had you been more careful, such spelling mistakes might have been avoided.5在 so, nor, neither 或 no more 开头的句子中此类句子通常表示前面一句话中的谓语所说明的情况，也适用于另一句中的主语。例 如：1）This problem is not difficult a
4、nd neither is that one.2）Coal is under the ground in some places, and so is oil.6在以具有否定意义的副词、连词及词组开头的句子中这些词和词组通常有：rarely, never, scarcely, no sooner, little, few, hardly, seldom, at no time, in no way, on no account, nowhere, nobody, not only 等。例 如：1）Visit our stores. Nowhere else will you find such
5、 magnificent bargains.2）Hardly had he finished his work when the telephone rang.3）Not only did he complain about the food, he also refused to pay for it.4）Little did we think his speech had made so deep an impression on his audience.7在强调表语时例 1：Worst of all were the humiliations.例 2：Such is the case.
6、8在强调宾语时例 1：Still greater contributions should we make to our socialist construction.例 2：Useful chemical fertilizer can we make from the waste liquid.注：当前置宾语由“not a +名词”或者“not a single +名词”构成时，也会引起倒装。例如：Alice had a terrible time touring that country. Not a day did she spend without having some unplea
7、santness with waiters in the hotel.9在强调状语时（1）当句首状语为方位词或拟声词，谓语动词为 go, come 等表示位置转移的动词时 句子须倒装。例如：1）Up went the plane.2）In came the chairman and the meeting began.注：如果主语是代词则不发生倒装。例如：1）Out they rushed!2）Lower and lower he bent.(2) 当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时，句子须倒装。例如：1）Round the corner walked a large policeman.2）U
8、nder the table was lying a half-conscious young man.（3）当句首状语由“only +副词” ， “only +介词词组” ， “only +状语从句”构成时， 句子须倒装。例如：1）Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing.2）Only because there were some cancelled bookings did he get some tickets in the end.（4）当句首状语为 here, there, now, then 等时，句子须倒
9、装，主语是代词时，句子 不用倒装。例如：1）Here is a ticket for you.2）Now comes your turn.3）Here he comes.（5）以关联词 so (that)开头的句子中，句子须倒装。例如：1）So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.2）So quickly did the workmen finish their work that they were given a bonus.3）So much does he worry about his financial position th
10、at he cant sleep at night.注：在该结构中， “so +形容词”是表语的前置；“so +副词”是状语的前置。10在直接引语之后在叙事性书面语中，直接引语后常跟 asked Mary, answered John, said the old lady, grunted Peter 之类的词语。在这些词语中，动词常的主语之前，主语是代词时， 不用倒装。例如：1） “What do you mean?” asked Henry.2） “What do you mean?” he asked.11. often, many a time 等表示频度的状语置于句首时例如：Ofte
11、n did they think of going there, but they never had a chance.12在 as, though 引导的让步状语从句中 在 as, though 引导的让步状语从句中，一般将形容词、副词或名词等置于句首。例如：1）Small as the atom is, we can smash it. 2）Big as the workpiece is, it is turned out with much smaller machine tools.替代替代替代是一种避免重复的连接上下文的手段。在英语中主要有三种替代现象：名词性替 代、动词性替代和分
12、句性替代；同理，替代词也分为名词替代词、动词替代词和分句替代 词。此外还有状语的替代。一、名词性替代用名词性替代词 one (s), the same, the kind, the sort 等所表示的替代现象叫做 名词性替代。1名词性替代词例 1：The child doesnt like this book. Show him a more interesting one. (one = book)例 2：His novel is a bad one for children. (one = novel)2某些不定代词在名词性替代中还可以用一些不定代词来替代。如 all, both, so
13、me, any, enough, several, none, many, much, more, (the ) most, (a) few, another, the other, others, either 等。例如：I dont want any more food. Ive had enough.3. one 和 ones 是最常见的替代词one 的复数形式是 ones.one 和 ones 作为替代词只能用以替代可数名词， 不可用来替 代不可数名词。例如：1）The grey horse is stronger than the black one.2）The new design
14、 is much better than the old ones.4名词性物主代词 mine，yours名词性物主代词 mine, yours 等可用来代替 my +名词，your +名词等，例如：“Whose is that coat?” “Its mine.”二、动词性替代用动词替代词 do，do so 等所表示的替代现象叫做动词性替代。1谓语的替代形式do 是谓语的替代形式，有时态和人称的变化。例如：1）Some people like a shower after they have played tennis. Peter does, for example.2）John spea
15、ks German as fluently as Mary does.2由 do，so 等组成的复合替代形式（1） “so +助动词+主语” 。例如：“Mary will enter the university in September.” “So will Joan.”（2） “so +主语+助动词” 。例如：“Ive been to Beijing.” ”So you have.”注：这种结构中第二句的主语与第一句的主语是同一个人，否则应像“so +助动词+主 语”的结构一样，主谓要倒装。（3） “主语+（助动词+）do + so” 。例如：“Have you sent your pla
16、n to the committee?”“I did so yesterday.”（4） “主语+（助动词+）do + that” 。例如：“Do you know who broke the television set?”“I heard John did that.”（5） “主语+（助动词+）do + it” 。例如：“My brother said he was going to send a letter of protest to the President.” ”I did it last week.”注：如果上文表示否定意义而在简短反应中表示相同的看法时，则用“neither / nor +do +主语” 。此时，do 不是动词替代词，而是助动词。例如：Mary didnt like English, neither did her brother.3.to 代替整个动词不定式当某个动词不定式词组在句子中再次出现时，我们可以只用 to 这个词，而不必重复整 个动词不定式词组。例如：1）I went
