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1、27语法复习五：强调句、语法复习五：强调句、It 的用法、省略和插入语的用法、省略和插入语 一、强调句（一）强调句句型（一）强调句句型 1、陈述句的强调句型：It is/ was + 被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that/ who（当强调主语且主语指人）+ 其它部分。 e.g. It was yesterday that he met Li Ping. 2、一般疑问句的强调句型：同上，只是把 is/ was 提到 it 前面。 e.g. Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping? 3、特殊疑问句的强调句型：被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+ i
2、s/ was + it + that/ who + 其它部分？ e.g. When and where was it that you were born? 4、强调句例句：针对 I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.句子进行强调。 强调主语：It was I that (who) met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday. 强调宾语：It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday. 强调地点状语：It was at th
3、e railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday. 强调时间状语：It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station. 5、注意：构成强调句的 it 本身没有词义；强调句中的连接词一般只用 that, who，即 使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此，that, who 不可省略；强调句中的时态只用两种， 一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时，用 It was ，其余的时态用 It is 。 （二）（二）not until 句型的强调句句型的强调句 1
4、、句型为：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其它部分 e.g. 普通句：He didnt go to bed until/ till his wife came back. 强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed. 2、注意：此句型只用 until，不用 till。但如果不是强调句型，till, until 可通用；因为 句型中 It is/ was not 已经是否定句了，that 后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句 了。 （三）谓语动词的强调（三）谓语动词的强调 1、
5、It is/ was that 结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词 do/ does 或 did。 e.g. Do sit down. 务必请坐。 He did write to you last week. 上周他确实给你写了信。 Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！ 2、注意：此种强调只用 do/ does 和 did ，没有别的形式；过去时用 did ，后面的谓 语动词用原形。二、It 的用法（一）作人称代词（一）作人称代词 1、it 代替前面（或后面）的单数名词或分句等所表示的事物。 e.g. Y
6、ou cannot eat your cake but have it.（it 代替前面的 cake）28Although we cannot see it, there is air all around us. （it 代替后面的 air） They say he has left town, but I dont believe it. （it 代替前面 Theytown 分句中 的情况） 2、代替有生命但不能或不必分阴阳性的东西（包括婴儿） 。 e.g. Yesterday we saw a big tree. It was fully twenty metres high. （it
7、代替前面的 tree） The baby cried because it was hungry. （it 代替前面的 baby） 3、在某些习惯说法中，可以代替人。 e.g. - Someone is knocking at the door, Peter.- Who is it?- Its me. - Who are singing?- It is the children. - The light is still on in the lab. It must be the third-year students doing the experiment. 4、it 与 one 的区别：
8、这两个词都可以代表前面说过的名词，但 it 用于同名同物的场 合；one 则用于同名异物的场合。 e.g. - Do you still have the bicycle?- No, I have sold it. - Is this knife yours?- No. It is Xiao Zhangs. Mine is the one on the desk. 5、it 与 that 的区别：两词都可代替某一特定名词，但 that 指同一类，并非同一个。 e.g. The climate of South China is mild（温和的）; I like it very much.（i
9、t 指 the climate of South China） The climate of South China is much better than that of Japan.（that 指 the climate） （二）作无人称代词（二）作无人称代词 it 作无人称代词时，除了句中找不到它所代表的词语外，另一个特点是它后面的内 容都是表示天气、时间、距离、度量衡及情况等。 It is fine (rainy, windy, etc.). It is noon. It is a half hours walk to the factory. It is eighteen squar
10、e metres in area. What does it matter? （三）作强调词，构成强调结构（三）作强调词，构成强调结构 用以帮助改变句子结构，使句子的某一成分受到强调。 “It is (was) + 所强调的成分 + that (who) + 其它成分。 ”在这个句型中，it 本身没有词义。详见“一、强调句” 。 （四）引导词（四）引导词 it 作形式主语（宾语）作形式主语（宾语） 为了使句子平衡，常采用形式主语（或宾语）it ，而把真正的主语（或宾语）置于 句子后面。通常引导词 it 与它所代替的句子成分中间要夹有某些词。 e.g. It takes half an hour
11、 to go there on foot.（It 与 to go there on foot 之间夹有 takes half an hour 四个词） We thought it strange that Mr Smith did not come last night. （it 与 that 从句中间夹 有 strange） 但有时 it 与所替代部分之间并不夹有其它词。 e.g. You may depend on it that they will support you.（因为介词 on 之后一般不直接接 that 引导的宾语从句。注意：it 不是多余的，不能当作错句）29练习一、强调
12、句、练习一、强调句、It 的用法的用法 1. My bike is missing. I cant find _ anywhere. A. oneB. onesC. itD. that 2. - Whos that?- _ Professor Li. A. Thats B. ItsC. HesD. Thiss 3. _ was Jane that I saw in the library this morning. A. ItB. HeC. SheD. That 4. - Have you ever seen a whale alive?- Yes, Ive seen _. A. that B
13、. itC. suchD. one 5. The color of my coat is different from _ of yours. A. thisB. thatC. itD. one 6. _ will do you good to do some exercise every morning. A. ItB. ThereC. ThoseD. You 7. We think _ our duty to pay taxes to our government. A. thatB. thisC. itsD. it 8. The climate of Shanghai is better
14、 than _ of Nanjing. A. thatB. itC. whichD. what 9. _ four years since I joined the Army. A. There wasB. There isC. It wasD. It is 10. How long _ to finish the work? A. youll takeB. youll take it C. will it take you D. will take you 11. It was through Xiao Li _ I got to know Xiao Wang. A. whoB. whomC
15、. howD. that 12. It was in the rice fields _ we had our league meeting. A. whereB. thatC. in whichD. on which 13. It was on October 1st _ new China was founded. A. whichB. whenC. asD. that 14. Was it because he was ill _ he asked for leave? A. andB. thatC. thats D. so 15. Mary speaks in a low voice;
16、 _ is difficult to know what she is saying. A. itB. thatC. soD. she 16. It was _ I met Mr Green in Shanghai. A. many years thatB. many years before C. many years ago thatD. many years when 17. _ is not everybody _ can draw so well. A. It, allB. It, that C. There, whoD. There, that 18. So _ that no fish can live in it. A. shallow is the lake B. the
