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1、状语从句与分词作状语的转换状语从句与分词作状语的转换时间、原因等状语从句可以转换成分词作状语,但这种转换是有条件的,也有一定的规律可循。 一、基本规则,也是最重要的规则是:从句的主语与主句的主语必须一致,变从句而主句不变。如:一、基本规则,也是最重要的规则是:从句的主语与主句的主语必须一致,变从句而主句不变。如: They did not go to the Summer Palace because they had a lot of work to do 由于从句的主语与主句的主语都是 they,可以把从句中 because 和 they 去掉,把 had 变成 having,即成现 在分
2、词短语作原因状语: Having a lot of work to do,they did not go to the Summer Palace 二、从句如果表示主动、完成,进行的动作,则转换成现在分词;如果表示被动,则转换成过去分词。二、从句如果表示主动、完成,进行的动作,则转换成现在分词;如果表示被动,则转换成过去分词。 1When he heard a cry for help,he rushed out 从句中,he was 与 heard 是主动关系,表示“他听见”。则可变成现在分词作时间状语。 Hearing a cry for help,he rushed out 2The b
3、oy Cater went up to his teacher and said“sorry”because he was great-ly touched by his words 从句中,he was touched 是被动关系,是“孩子被深深地触动了”,则变成过去分词作原因状语。Greatly touched by his teachers words,the boy laterwent up to him and said“sorry” 三、如果从句的主语与主句的主语不一致,该怎么办?请看下例:三、如果从句的主语与主句的主语不一致,该怎么办?请看下例: 1As the heroes d
4、eeds moved them deeply,they decided to study even harder 句中,主句的主语是 they,而从句主语是 the heroesdeeds,主语不一致,这时可以把从句变换一下句型, 变成被动语态。即成 As they were deeplymoved by the heroesdeeds从句的主语与主句的主语都是 they,就可转换成: Deeply moved by the heroesdeeds,they decided to study even harder 下列的句子中主语也是不同的。 2The professor came into
5、 the lab;a group of students followed him 这是两个简单句,如果中间加个 and 也可看成并列句。但主语不同,可以先把第二句变成:He was followed by a group of students全句就转换成: Followed by a group of students,the professor came into the lab 四、如果看不出有从句,该怎么办?请看下例:四、如果看不出有从句,该怎么办?请看下例: He recognized the man who had been his classmate ten years bef
6、ore,so he wentover to say hello to him 这句中,看不出有从句。so 是并列连词,表示“因此,于是”等意思。这样一来,前面那一句就有表示原 因的意味。这一句可以改写为: Because he recognized the man who had been his classmate ten years before,he went over to say hello to him 变成一个原因状语从句,即可转换成现在分词作原因状语。Recognizing the man 许多有 and 或没有 and 的并列句,只要主语一致,往往可能换成分词作伴随状语。如:
7、 The students went home from school;they talked and laughed可转换成: Talking and laughing,the students went home from school 五、如何判断要不要有一个五、如何判断要不要有一个 Being?如:?如: As he was very old,he had to give up his teaching 可转换成:Being very old,he had to give up his teaching再看下例: As he was moved by the story,he deci
8、ded to learn from the heroes 则转换成:Moved by the story,he decided to learn from the heroes而不是 Being moved 为什么呢?原来前面的那一句的 was 是系动词(link verb),后面跟的是表语(形容词或名词)。又如: As he was an engineer,he knew exactly what to do an engineer是名词作表语,即可转换成: Being an engineer,he knew exactly what to do而后面那一句的被动语态 was 是助动词,只需
9、过去分词就可 以了。但英语中有许多过去分词已经形容词化了,如 be interested in(对感兴趣),be excited(因激动) 等,往往表示一个状语,则仍需加 Being。如: As he was filled with new ideas,the young man invented many kinds of mod-ern machines 如果把 be filled with 理解为 be full of 是一种状态,则可转换成 being filledwith,如果把 be filled 理解为 单纯的被动,则转换成 Filled with new ideas二者都可。
10、但下句:As the room was filled with many people,it became hotter andhotter 这是纯粹表示被动的,则只能转换成: Filled with many people,the room 六、有时,还要考虑到时态的变化。如:六、有时,还要考虑到时态的变化。如: The children went out to play after they had finished their homework 由于有时间的先后,从句的动作发生在前,主句的动作发生在后,因此,要用现在分词的完成式作时间状 语。即: Having finished their homework,the children went out to play 如果是表示一个既完成又被动的动作,可以用现在分词的完成被动式。如: As she had been given such a good chance,how could she let it slip away? 可转换成:Having been given such a goodchance但往往简化成过去分词作原因状语 Given such a good chance, 因为过去分词本身就表示完成、被动的,但似乎用现在分词的完成被动式更正式也更强调些。