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1、摘 要I车用锂离子电池组集成技术的研究 (申请清华大学工学硕士学位论文 )培 养 单 位： 汽车工程系学 科： 动力工程及工程热物理研 究 生：指 导 教 师:摘 要发展电动汽车技术是解决能源、环境问题的重要途径之一。电池是电动汽车的关键组成部分，也是电动汽车的技术瓶颈。目前车用电池不能完全满足电动汽车的功能要求，存在使用寿命短、维护成本高、安全性差等问题。电池组集成技术对于解决这些问题具有重要意义。本文基于某种180Ah 锂离子电池，开展了电池组集成技术的研究 。首先通过电池性能试验，研究了电池性能特性。在此基础上，建立了电池的三维热模型。通过对常用散热方式的比较和电池性能的分析，热管理系统
2、采用了并流式空气冷却方式。之后基于计算流体动力学，建立了热管理系统的仿真模型，在 FLUENT 软件中进行了仿真研究。针对仿真结果反映的电池温度摘 要II分布不一致的问题，研究了结构优化的方法，并提出了一种结构优化方案。这种方案可以使电池组内单体温度分布达到较好的一致性。进一步仿真分析结果表明，这种结构优化方法对于调节并流式空气冷却系统的温度分布效果显著。电池管理系统采用分布式结构，由一个主控单元和多个数据采集单元组成。电池管理系统通过 CAN 网络完成系统内部和对外通讯。主控单元是系统的核心，采集电池组状态参数；数据采集单元采用LTC6803-4 芯片进行单体电压采集和单体电压均衡。针对电池
3、系统在运行中可能遇到的突发状况，研究了电池系统的电气结构，提高了系统安全性。最后针对电池管理系统人工标定效率低下的问题，提出了一种自动标定的方案，提高了标定效率。在前期研究的基础上，研究了单体电压均衡、温度传感器布置和结构密封等电池组集成的关键技术，完成了电池系统的集成。研究结果表明，电池电极部分发热严重，对电池组温度分布影响很大。据此结果，对仿真模型进行改进，改进后模型精度得到了明显提高，实验结果与仿真结果实现了较好的吻合。关键词： 电动汽车 ；电池组集成技术 ；锂离子 电池；电池管理系统 ；电池热管理系统 AbstractIIIAbstractDeveloping electric veh
4、icle is an effective way to solve the energy and environment problems. The battery is a key component of the electric vehicle, and is also a bottleneck of the electric vehicle development. Presently，batteries used in vehicles can not completely meet the requirements of electric vehicles. There are s
5、ome problems in battery life, maintenance costs, safety and so on. Integration technologies of batteries are of great significance for solving these problems. Based on 180Ah Li-ion battery, the thesis studies integration technologies of batteries.Using the battery tests, the characteristics of the 1
6、80Ah battery are presented. Based on the results, the 3D thermal model of the battery is built. With the comparison of common cooling styles and analyses of battery features, parallel cooling style is used in thermal management system. Based on computational fluid dynamics, the simulation model is b
7、uilt in FLUENT and the simulation study is developed. Aiming at disaccord temperature distribution of the batteries reflected by the simulation results, a structural optimization method is proposed. The further simulation results show that the optimization method can significantly improves the tempe
8、rature distribution of parallel cooling system.Distributed structure is employed in battery management system. It consists of a main control unit and several data acquisition units. Internal and external communication is realized by CAN network in battery management system. Main control unit is the
9、core of the system, collecting the battery pack status parameters. LTC6803-4 chips are used in data acquisition units to collect cell voltage and keep cells balanced. To improve operation safeties of battery pack, an electrical system is presented. Finally, aiming at the problem of low efficiency of
10、 artificial calibration in battery management system, automatic calibration is put forward to improve the efficiency of calibration.Based on the previous studies, the voltage balance, the temperature sensor location and sealing structure are studied and the battery system is integrated. Because the
11、actual temperature distribution of battery does not agree with the simulation results, a further study about the battery system is developed. The results show that the battery electrodes AbstractIVgenerate heat seriously and the temperature distribution of battery is greatly influenced. According to
12、 the results, the simulation model is modified and the precision is improved. Finally, the experiment results agree well with the simulation results.Key words: Electric Vehicle; Battery Pack Integration Technology; Li-ion Battery; Battery Management System; Battery Thermal Management System目 录V目 录第 1 章 引言 .11.1 课题背景及意义 .11.2 车用电池技术 .11.2.1 电池技术发展概述 .11.2.2 电动汽车对电池性能的要求 .11.3 锂离子电池简介 .11.3.1 锂离子电池发展概述 .11.3.2 锂离子电池工作原理 .11.4 车用锂离子电池组集成技术 .11.4.1 车用锂离子电池组集成技术简介 .11.4.2 电池管理系统研究现状 .11.4.3 电池组热管理系统研究现状 .11.5 本文的研究内容 .1第 2 章 车用锂离子电池组机械结构设计与优化 .12.1 电池组热管理的理论基础及研究方法 .12.1.1 电池的传热方式 .
