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1、 从“形合”到“意合”谈 GMAT 语法考查新着力点360 教育集团介绍，形合指通过明显的字面结构性提示，传递句子内部的前后和谐关系。如大家熟悉的平行结构(由 not only .but also、both and 、neithernor 等广为人知的结构引出)。此类考点在 OG11 版本出现颇多。其特色是只要抓住这些结构，则此题一招用到得到最后答案。然而，广大考生在借助比较老的练习材料建立了对该考点的基本熟悉之后，却很容易形成思维定式，变成单纯追求形式上的和谐，而忽略了逻辑意义上的和谐，即“意合”，落入“形而上”的陷阱。这一思维定式在 08 年以来的机考实战中，已经频繁被命题者所利用于构造题
2、目的强迷惑选项。以下对若干代表性题目做针对性点评。(1)GWD 题目A New York City ordinance of 1897 regulated the use of bicycles, mandated a maximum speed of eight miles an hour, required of cyclists to keep feet on pedals and hands on handlebars at all times, and it granted pedestrians right-of-way.A. regulated the use of bicycl
3、es, mandated a maximum speed of eight miles an hour, required of cyclists to keep feet on pedals and hands on handlebars at all times, and it grantedB. regulated the use of bicycles, mandated a maximum speed of eight miles an hour, required cyclists to keep feet on pedals and hands on handlebars at
4、all times, grantingC. regulating the use of bicycles mandated a maximum speed of eight miles an hour, required cyclists that they keep feet on pedals and hands on handlebars at all times, and it grantedD. regulating the use of bicycles, mandating a maximum speed of eight miles an hour, requiring of
5、cyclists that they keep feet on pedals and hands on handlebars at all times, and grantedE. regulating the use of bicycles mandated a maximum speed of eight miles an hour, required cyclists to keep feet on pedals and hands on handlebars at all times, and granted答案为 E。易见该题意在考查四个动词 regulate、mandate、req
6、uired、granted 的排列问题。考生容易先入为主，先假设四个动作是平行的，然后按照这个标准去寻找答案，最后感到困惑。实际上，该题最精妙之处，在于四个动作实际上并不平行。Regulate 后面的内容是整个自行车的使用规则，后面三个动作分别介绍了该规则的三个方面。所以，regulate 的层次是高于另外三个动词的。所以 E 的写法并没有使用四个动词平行的写法，却是真正正确的写法。(2)见于 GWD 与 PREP08Minivans carry as many as seven passengers and, compared with most sport utility vehicles
7、, cost less, get better gas mileage, allow passengers to get in and out more easily, and have a smoother ride.A. Minivans carry as many as seven passengers and, compared with most sport utility vehicles, cost less,B. Minivans, which carry as many as seven passengers, compared with most sport utility
8、 vehicles, they cost less,C. Minivans carry as many as seven passengers, in comparison with most sport utility vehicles, and have a lower cost, theyD. Minivans, carrying as many as seven passengers, compared with most sport utility vehicles, cost less,E. Minivans, which carry as many as seven passen
9、gers, compared with most sport utility vehicles the cost is lower, and they在 PREP08 出来之前，该题答案一直在 A 和 D 之间争议，直到 PREP 给出正确答案 A 才中止了争议。该题精妙之处在于，D 选项是命题者故意设置的“形合”，让读者观感上觉得 cost、get、allow、have 形成了平行。而感到 A 选项的第一个“and”为多余。实际上，动作 carry 和后面几个动作并不平行。这个句子的逻辑关系是，“Carry”这个动作是没有参加“compared”的，所以自成一个层次，而另外四个动词是“com
10、pared”的项目，它们另外组成了一个四连珠的动词平行结构。故而 A 中的第一个“and“恰恰是必要的。(3)来自 Prep08A mixture of poems and short fiction, Jean Toomers Cane has been called one of the three best novels ever written by Black Americansthe others being Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible ManA. Blac
11、k Americansthe others being Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible ManB. Black Americansincluding Native Son by Richard Wright and Invisible Man by Ralph EllisonC. a Black Americanincluding Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invis
12、ible ManD. a Black Americanthe others being Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible ManE. a Black Americanthe others being Richard Wrights Native Son and Ralph Ellisons Invisible Man此题第一要点在于不纠缠于黑人到底使用单数还是复数形式，而是从并列对象是书而不是人入手，排除之后余下 BE，此题另一精妙之处在于如何在 BE 之间抉择，谨记避免犯形
13、而上的错误，简单根据 E 项有Being 就杀之。此类对思维要求低的排除方法已经被证明在现行机考中越来越不靠谱。实际上遵循意合的思路容易找到线索。划线外部使用的作者与书的关系所有格写法是s，所以与之保持一致，则后面也使用同一个写法，故而选择 E。此题并无明显并列连词提示考生题中的和谐关系，是依靠对句意理解得出。(4)来自 Prep08Whereas the honeybees stinger is heavily barbed and cannot be retracted from the skin, because the yellow jacket has a comparatively
14、 smooth stinger, it is therefore able to be pulled out and used again.A. because the yellow jacket has a comparatively smooth stinger, it is therefore able to be pulled out and usedB. the comparative smoothness of the yellow jackets stinger allows them to pull it out and then can therefore use itC.
15、the yellow jackets stinger is comparatively smooth, and can therefore be pulled out and usedD. in comparison, the yellow jackets stinger is smooth, and thus able to be pulled out and usedE. in comparison, the yellow jacket has a smooth stinger, thus allowing it to be pulled out and used此题易看出 whereas
16、 构成了前后 2 句的对比关系，一般考生都能借此确定比较对象是 stinger，而排除之后剩下 CD，在 CD 的抉择中，精妙之处在于 C 的写法之中 conparatively 与前半句的 heavily 的对称，仿佛有对偶之感。在该题目中设置这处小提示绝非无意，实际上在大量 PREP08 题目中都有这个现象，即不显眼的“小对称”，使得句子更宛若天成。(5)来自 PREP08The organic food industry has organized a successful grassroots campaignusing Web sites, public meetings, and also mass mailingsthat have convinced the Department of Agriculture to change the proposed federal regulations for organically grown food.A. using Web sites, public meetings, and
