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1、1阅读理解题型专讲专练阅读理解题型专讲专练 【细节理解题】 做细节理解题时，大多数学生易出现的问题就是阅读速度太慢，缺乏一定的快速阅读 技巧，考生要培养自己快速获取信息的能力。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而应 采取“带着问题找答案”的方法，先从问题中抓住关键性词语，然后以此为线索，运用略读 及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句，仔细品味，对照比较，确定 答案。除了运用扫读法外，还可以兼用排除法，将“无此细节”和“与此细节相反”的选项排 除。要快速地辨认和记忆事实或细节，就需要恰当地使用查阅的方法及技巧。查阅是在读 者对材料有所熟悉的情况下进行的，它的特点是带着问题去寻求答
2、案，它往往与略读综合 使用。 第一招 直接细节理解题答案与原文挂钩，在文中可直接找到答案，但往往与原文中的语句并 非一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型结构表达相同的意思。间接细节理解题需要通过有 关词语和句子的转换，利用主要事实、图表、图形来获取信息，然后利用因果、类比、时 间、空间等关系将零碎的细节经过一系列加工、整理，方能做出正确的判断，此类试题在 高考中占大多数。其常见命题方式有： 1、特殊疑问句形式。以 what, who, when, where, which, how much / many 等引出的问 题； 2、是非题。通常以 true / false, not true / fa
3、lse 提问以及以 according to the text 开头； 3、填空题。通常涉及与主题有关的事实和细节； 4、就文中数字、排序、识图等提问。 第二招略读材料，大概了解全文，掌握其中心或主旨。 第三招按文章的体裁，如记叙文、说明文和议论文等及作者写作的组织模式和有关的信息词， 如 for example, first, second 等预测应该到何处寻求自己所需要的事实。段落的组织形式常 见的有时间型段落、空间型段落、列举型段落、例证型段落、程序型段落和对比型段落等。 如时间型段落和空间型段落要凭借表达时间和空间的信息词按时间和空间的组织形式进行 查读，寻找有关细节。 第四招将精力放
4、在寻找你所需要的细节上，快速通篇跳读，眼睛自左至右，自上而下呈 Z 型 扫读，直到找到含细节句子时，就要放慢速度，仔细核对、比较内容，直至找到答案。 第五招 了解细节题干扰选项的特点也能有助于提高答题的正确率。一般情况下，干扰项有以 下五个特点：是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容；符合常识，但不是文内容；与 原句的内容极为相似，只是在程度上有些变动；在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反； 部分正确，部分错误。值得一提的是，有时原文中的信息可能只是一个短语甚至一个单 词，因此需要我们阅读中格外仔细才能捕捉到真正有用的信息。 【试题分析】 1、直接信息理解题细节的直接辨认不要求读者对客观的事实作出解释
5、或判断，只要 求从阅读材料中直接获取信息。同时还要求读者记住重要的细节，在必要的时候（做判断、 推论或结论的时候）能准确而迅速地将他们回忆起来。解此类题要求考生快速抓住关键信 息，直接得出答案。有时需要词句意的转换理解，将获得的信息用同义或近义的形式复述 出来。NMET 设计了许多这样的同义转换理解题，具体的要求是为阅读材料中某些词汇、 短语及句型找到正确的释义。 例如： The World Trade Organization (WTO), founded on January 1, 1995, aims to encourage international trade to flow as
6、 possible, making sure that trade agreements are respected 2and that any disputes can be settled. In the five years since its founding, the WTO has become well known as one of the worlds most powerful economic organizations, taking its place alongside the World Bank and International Money Fund. The
7、 system of global rules for international trade, however, dates back half a century to 1948 when the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade was formed after World War II. As time went by, is became clear that the GATT had two major drawbacks-the limited areas of trade it covered, and the lack of an
8、effective system to settle disputes. After seven years of trade talks ending in 1994, the so-called Uruguay Round finally give birth to the WTO, complete with an effective system to settle disputes and new rules covering trade in services and intellectual property. Even after seven years of talks an
9、d 22, 500 pages of agreements, there were still problems, especially the difficulty to deal with areas of agriculture and services, which the member nations agreed to revise in 2000, The WTO, with its head office in Geneva, has 135 members with 30 more waiting to join. 总述：本文主要介绍了世贸组织的演变过程，即由最初的关贸总协定
10、，到后来的乌拉 圭回合谈判，到 1995 年 1 月 1 日成立的世贸组织，其演变经历了大半个世纪，使其成为世 界上最大的国际经济组织。 45. From the passage we know that the GATT stopped working _. A. soon after World War II ended B. a little more than 50 years after World War II C. just in the year 1994 D. seven years before the Uruguay Round talk 46. Compared wit
11、h the GATT, the WTO _. A. didnt pay enough attention to services and intellectual property B. got its members to sign the agreements more easily C. has got to many areas of international trade to deal with to work effectively D. can do better to settle disputes in more areas of international trade 4
12、7. In the new century the WTO will _. A. take the place of the World Bank and International Monetary Fund B. have more members and settle more problems C. make complete new rules in every area of international trade D. have new rules covering trade in services and intellectual property 本文后的这三个题都是细节理
13、解题。其中 45 题，由文第五段中，After seven years of trade talks ending in 1994, the so-called Uruguay Round finally give birth to the WTO作为原 句，因此先 C。 46 题仍由文第五段原句complete with an effective system to settle disputes and new rules covering trade in services and intellectual property。可以看出选 D。 47 题问的 是“在新世纪，世贸组织将如何？
14、”由文中第六段最后一句 The WTO, with its head office in Geneva, has 135 members with 30 more waiting to join.可知选 B。 【猜测词义题】 第一招利用上下文语境线索 上下文线索猜测词义 任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。 利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一 大关键，也是高考的热点。 如： If he thinks he can invite me out, he is all wet. I dont like to be
15、 with him. A. drunkB. sweatingC. happyD. mistaken根据 I dont like to be with him 我们感受到说话人的语气。我不愿意跟他在一起，那么，3他要邀请我出去是不可能的 他就大错特错了。因此答案 D。 练习：（1）A deaf and dump guy went into a hardware store to ask for some nails. （2）The climate of the west coast is the most moderate in Canada, summers are cool and fair
16、ly dry and winters are mild, cloudy and wet. Even in mid-winter, the temperature is usually above freezing. （3）All the houses in the city collapsed during the earthquake. （4）For people who live within a stones throw from the office to be late to work is unforgivable. （5）The conflagration was so fierce that with just a few second one could see towering flames where the house had stood and the smoke which filled the sky coul
