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1、1语法专项复习资料二 主语，表语，宾语及名词性从句 （一）主语：（一）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在 there be 结构、疑问句（当 主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如： During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词） We often speak English in class.（代词） One-third of the students in th
2、is class are girls.（数词） To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词） The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词） When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句） It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it 作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式） （二）表语：（二）表语：
3、表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如 be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem 等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名 词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如： Our teacher of English is an American.（名词） Is it yours?（代词） The weather has turned cold.（形容词） The speech is exciting.（分词） Three times seven is twenty one?（数词） His job is to teac
4、h English.（不定式） His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词） The machine must be out of order.（介词短语） Time is up. The class is over.（副词） The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句） （三）宾语：（三）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如： They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词） The heavy rain prevented me
5、 form coming to school on time.（代词） How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词） They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词） He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语） I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语） I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句） 宾语种类宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语） ，例
6、如：Lend me your dictionary, please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补） ，例如：They elected him their monitor. （四）名词性从句（四）名词性从句 名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句厅分 为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。 1引导名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词 1、连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表 语、宾语、或定语等。 2、连接副词：when, where, why, how。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作
7、状语。 3、连接词：that, whether, if, as if。that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if (whether), as if 虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。 注意注意：连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句，因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。连接代词 与连接副词在从句充当句子成分，连接词 whether 和 if（是否） ，as if（好象）在从句中不充当 句子成分，只起连接作用。根据句义，如果连接代词与连接副词，whether、if 和 as if 都用不2上时，才用 that 作连接词（that 本身无任何含义） 。 2主语从句主语从句 1、主语从句在复合句作主语
8、。 e.g. Who will go is not important. 2、用 it 作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。 e.g. It doesnt matter so much whether you will come or not. 3、that 引导主语从句时，不能省略。 e.g. That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised. 3）表语从句）表语从句 1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。 e.g. The question was who could go there. 2、引导表语从句的连接词 that 有时可
9、省去。 e.g. My idea is (that) we can get more comrades to help in the work. 4）宾语从句）宾语从句 1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词 that 一般可省略。 e.g. I hope (that) everything is all right. 2、介词之后的宾语从句，不可用 which 或 if 连接，要分别用 what 或 whether。 e.g. Im interested in whether youve finished the work. Im interested in what youve
10、said. 3、whether 与 if 都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。 注意：注意：whether 与与 if 在下面情况不能互换。在下面情况不能互换。 宾语从句是否定句时，只用 if，不用 whether。 e.g. I wonder if it doesnt rain. 用 if 会引起误解，就要用 whether。 e.g. Please let me know whether you want to go.（此句如果把 whether 改成 if，容易当成条件 句理解） 宾语从句中的 whether 与 or not 直接连用，就不能换成 if；不直接连用，可换。 e.g. I do
11、nt know whether or not the report is true. I dont know whether/ if the report is true or not. 介词后的宾语从句要用 whether 引导。whether 可与不定式连用。whether 也可引导主语 从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，以上均不能换成 if。但引导条件从句 时，只能用 if，而不能用 whether。 e.g. It depends on whether we have enough time. They dont know whether to go there. Pl
12、ease come to see me if you have time. 5）同位语从句）同位语从句 同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词（如：news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise 等）之后，说明该名词的具体内容。 e.g. I have no idea when he will be back. he fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody. 主语 1We wrote a letter of thanks to _ had helped us. AwhoBthoseCw
13、homDwhoever 2Toms mother kept telling him that he mustnt smoke，but _ didnt help. Ahe BwhichCit Dthey 3_ you dont like him is none of my business. AWhat BIfCThat DWhether 4Just after finishing writing the composition, _. Athe doorbell rang loudBNancy heard the doorbell rang 3Csomeone knocked at the d
14、oorDthe doorbell was rung 5-The exam was easy, wasnt it? -Yes, but I dont think _ could pass it. AsomebodyBanybodyCnobodyDeverybody 表语 1The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult. Anot make Bnot to make Cnot making Ddo not make 2Cleaning women in big cities usually g
15、et _ by the hour. Apay Bpaying Cpaid Dto pay 3Longjing tea, Jasmine tea and Wuyi tea are all famous, but which do you think _ ? Atastes best Bsmells most Cdrinks mostly Dsounds best 4-Hello, Tom, where were you last night ?- _ . ATo Browns BTo the Browns CIn Browns DIn the Browns 5Thank you very much indeed Thats _ of you. Akindest Bmost kind Cthe kinder Dthe most kind 宾语 1 Few pleasures can equal _ of a cool drink on a hot day. Asome Bany Cthat Dthose 2 I hate _ when people
