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1、上海交通大学硕士学位论文 摘 要 I基于基于 PID 的麻醉靶控输注控制策略的麻醉靶控输注控制策略 摘 要 以往麻醉医师多凭借手术患者生理监测指标的变化和自己的临床经验采用分次静脉注射和持续滴注给药的方法进行静脉麻醉。这两种方法均存在着一定的缺点:分次静脉给药会使血药浓度产生较大的波动，首先静脉注射药物后血药浓度会迅速升高，高峰浓度会给患者带来副作用，然后由于药物从血浆通过分解、转化和排泄作用消除迅速，血药浓度将很快下降，如果没有及时补充药物，当血药浓度低于有效浓度时又达不到应有的药理作用。恒速静脉滴注方式，需要 4 个以上半衰期方达到稳态，由于不同药物半衰期长短不一，血药浓度难以控制。因此改
2、进静脉麻醉的给药方法势在必行。 利用闭环反馈的控制方法对麻醉过程进行控制，对于降低麻醉和手术过程的风险，减轻病人痛苦，节省麻醉用药，减少麻醉师工作量等方面具有很重要的意义。本文主要研究基于 PID 的闭环控制算法在麻醉靶控输注中的应用。 本文首先介绍了麻醉学的概况、分类、麻醉方法的分类以及现有的麻醉深度监测技术与评价指标，并将听觉诱发电位指数(AEPI)作为此次研究将采用的反馈指标；接着对靶控输注的原理及研究现状进行了阐述，对系统实现所需要的软硬件进行了研究，并重点研究得出了麻醉过程中的药代动力学房室模型，给出了静注丙泊酚进行麻醉的模型参数和传递函数，然后介绍了PID控制算法的原理，利用Zie
3、glerNichols方法对pid控制模型中的参数进行整定，并利用根轨迹方法进行系统的稳定性分析。 上海交通大学硕士学位论文 摘 要 I最后通过仿真和分析基于 Smith 预估控制的临床麻醉过程控制方案， 得出结论：基于 Smith 预估控制的临床麻醉过程控制方案较好的实现了临床麻醉的闭环控制要求，在未来的临床麻醉中具有很强的实用性。 关键词：临床麻醉，闭环控制，PID，麻醉深度上海交通大学硕士学位论文 ABSTRACT IIAPPLICATION RESEARCH ON TARGET-CONTROLLED INFUSION OF NARCOTIC CONTROL STRATEGY BASED
4、 ON PID ABSTRACT This paper presents a microcontroller system for target controlledinfusion according to pharmacodynamic parameters of intravenous anesthetics.It can control the depth of anesthesia with adjusting the level of drugconcentrations of plasma. The system has the advantages of high precis
5、ion,extending power and convenience to apply. It has been used in the clinicalanesthesia. Before, the doctor of anesthesia used the method of discontinuous anddurative infusing drug. The two methods has shortcoming. The drug concentration of plasma is undulated by discontinuous infusing. The drug co
6、ncentration need long time to steady state by durative infusing. In the seconditions, it is difficulty to control the drug concentration of plasma. So it isvery necessary to improve the method of infusing. Using a closed-loop feed-back controllable method to control the anaesthetic course is meaning
7、ful for reducing the risk of anaesthesia and surgery, relieving the pain of patient, saving anaesthetic medicine, alleviating the task of anaesthetist and so on. This paper investigates a closed-loop controllable arithmetic in anaesthetic Target-controlled infusion based on PID. In this paper, an ov
8、erview of the anesthesia, classification, anesthesia methods, as well as the classification of the existing depth of anesthesia monitoring and evaluation indicators are introduced firstly, and this study will use evoked potentials index (AEPI) as the feedback indicators. Then we expatiate the target
9、 Note Principle and the status of research.Then we research the system hardware and software. After that we study the pharmacokinetics compartment model in the process of anesthesia, and give the model parameters and transfer function for an intravenous anesthetic propofol. We also introduce the pri
10、nciple of PID controllable algorithm and use the ZieglerNichols analysis methods to set the parameters in PID control mode. At last we use root locus method to analyze the stability of a system. 上海交通大学硕士学位论文 ABSTRACT IIIFinally, we conclude from the simulation and analysis based on the Smith Predict
11、or control of the clinical anesthesia process control programm, that the clinical anesthesia process control programm based on Smith Predictor is better to achieve clinical anesthesia closed-loop controllable requirements and it is very practical in the future of clinical anesthesia. KEY WORDS: Clin
12、ical Anesthesia, closed-loop control, PID, depth of anesthesia上海交通大学硕士学位论文 图片目录 VII图片目录 图 3 1 TCI的典型结构.23 图 4 1 TCI系统框图.33 图 4 2 MAX629 示范电路原理图.36 图 4 3 SED1335 同单片机连接原理图.39 图 4 4 矩阵式键盘的连接.44 图 4 5 系统供电示意图.45 图 4 6 程序流程图.48 图 4 7 液晶系统初始化流程.50 图 4 8 SED1335 图形方式下汉字显示流程.52 图 4 9 键值读取子程序流程图.54 图 5 1 三室模型示意图.58 图 5 2 带效应室的药代动力学模型.59 图 5 3 血药与效应室的浓度曲线比较.
