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1、1第二部分第二部分 阅读理解解题技巧阅读理解解题技巧在传统的大学英语四级考试中，阅读理解部分要求考生在 35 分钟内完成总 数为 1000 词左右的四篇文章，其目的是测试考生通过阅读获取书面信息的能力。 这类文章的题材主要包括：科普知识（占 50%） ，社会生活（占 25%） ，文化教 育、名人名著、政治经济（占 25%） ；体裁包括：议论文（占 60%） ，说明文 （占 25%） ，记叙文（占 15%）等。最近教育部颁布的大学英语课程教学要 求 （试行）中还要求学生能够读懂工作、生活中常见的应用文体材料，包括各 类表格、个人信件或内容一般的商业信函、产品说明书、广告、海报及互联网 信息等内容
2、。 理解性阅读取决于三要素的相互作用：词汇、语法结构和含义。换言之， 成功的理解取决于运用语言的实际能力。一般来讲，掌握阅读技能，不仅能使 阅读比较容易进行，而且在某种程度上有助于提高阅读理解能力。大学英语四 级考试主要测试以下阅读技能 1）了解语篇和段落的主旨和大意； 2）把握语篇中的事实和主要情节； 3）理解语篇上下文的逻辑关系； 4）根据所读材料进行一定的判断和推理； 5）了解作者的目的、态度和观点； 6）根据上下文判断词汇和短语的具体含义； 7）了解语篇的结论； 8）进行信息转换。 本章节主要从这几个方面对阅读理解的题型和技能作分析讲解。第一节第一节 主旨题解题技巧主旨题解题技巧题型特
3、点 主旨题的重点是考察学生对于全文的理解、分析、把握和归纳能力，包括确定 文章的主题（topic sentence） 、文章大意（main idea） 、推断作者的写作意图 (purpose),或给出一个合适的标题（title）等。此类问题中常常含有 main, key, primary, central 等一类表示基本的、或主要的词汇，以及 idea, theme, point, title 等表示观念、主题、中心等词汇。通过此类词汇考生能较为顺利和准确的辨认 这种题型。 这种类型题的主要提问方式如下：1）What does the passage mainly discuss? 2）Wha
4、t is the main topic/subject/theme/idea of the passage? 3）The best title for the passage would be _. 4）Which of the following may be the best title for the passage? 5）The main idea/point/subject of the passage is _. 6）What would be the most suitable title for the passage? 7）With what topic is this pa
5、ssage primarily concerned? 8）The tone of the passage is _. 9）What is the authors main purpose in this passage?210) What is the primary purpose of the passage? 解题技巧 了解主旨题的关键在于把握文章的逻辑结构，正确识别主题，把握文章的中心 思想。由于不同的文章要求不同，不同的作者手法各异，主题句的位置不尽相 同。演绎性文章中，主题句一般位于篇章、段落的开头部分，开头就明确主题， 然后展开讨论。归纳性文章中，主题句常出现于段末或篇末。有的作
6、者喜欢开 门见山，有的作者喜欢作写铺叙，主题句也随之出现在开头或中间。从经验来 看，篇章的主旨句多出现在文章段首，有时是第一句话，有时跟在 however, but 之类的转折连词后面；此外，第一段的开头或结尾如果出现问句，则对这个问 句的回答往往就是文章的主旨大意。 寻找主题的关键在于找主题句或找段落大意。具体做法如下： 1）迅速浏览全文，以对文章有一大致的了解； 2）寻找文章主题句或段落大意，明确文章的中心大意； 3）注意区分局部信息和全文中心思想； 4）注意选项的概括范围不可太窄或太宽； 5）这类题目的正确选项决不会是原文主题句的简单重复，而是其意思的重新表 达 真题研究 例 1 199
7、1 年 6 月 There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling. No school I have taught in has ever ignored spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill. There are , however, vastly different ideas about how to teach it, or how much priority (优先) it must
8、be given over general language development and writing ability. The problem is, how to encourage a child to express himself freely and confidently in writing without holding him back with the complexities of spelling? If spelling becomes the only focal point of his teachers interests, clearly a brig
9、ht child will be likely to “play safe”. He will tend to write only words within his spelling range, choosing to avoid adventurous language. Thats why teachers often encourage the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability. I was once shocked to read on the b
10、ottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personal experience: “This work is terrible! There are far too many spelling errors and your writing is illegible (难以辨认的).” It may have been a sharp criticism of the pupils technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher w
11、ho had omitted to read the essay, which contained some beautiful expressions of the childs deep feelings. The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centered on the childs ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have give the p
12、upil more motivation to seek improvement. 25The major point discussed in the passage is _. A) the importance of developing writing skills B) the complexities of spelling C) the correct way of marking compositions D) the relationship between spelling and the content of a composition 解析 本文共分三段：第一段驳斥了家
13、长普遍认为学校不重视拼写教学的观点，3作者认为问题重要在于如何鼓励学生在写作文时不要因为过多考虑拼写的问题 而影响自己对内容的表达。第二段指出教师只注重拼写所造成的后果及正确的 做法：重视作文内容。第三段批评一位老师评阅一篇极富表现力的作文时只注 意其拼写是否正确和书写是否工整而忽略内容的做法。由上面概括的段落大意 可知道，本文论述的中心思想是单词的正确拼写和写作内容之间的关系，所以 D)为正确答案。例 2 2000 年 6 月考题 Americans are proud of their variety and individuality, yet they love and respect
14、 few things more than a uniform, whether it is the uniform of an elevator operator or the uniform of a five-star general. Why are uniforms so popular in the United States?Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more professional than civilian (
15、百姓的) clothes. People have become conditioned to expect superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to inspire more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the skill of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What easier wa
16、y is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lose professional identity(身份) than to step out of uniform?Uniforms also have many practical benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are tax-deductible(可减税的). They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experi
