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1、 1 / 16第八讲 定语从句和名词性从句【考情分析考情分析】定语从句是历年高考的热点。主要考查引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词、非限制性定语从句(特别是先行词是整个句子时)、 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句以及定语从句与名词性从句和强调句型的区别等知识点。此外，对于表地点、时间的先行词模糊化，为近年来高考的热点和难点。名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。名词性从句是一种具有名词功能的非独立分句。名词性从句主要考查连接词的选用。名词性从句的考查要点：1通过判断引导词在从句中的作用考查名词性从句的引导词；2重点考查 what/thatwh-everwhether/if 型等
2、易混名词性从句；3it 作形式主语、形式宾语；4名词性从句与定语从句、状语从句的区别；5名词性从句中的虚拟语气；6名词性从句的语序。 定语从句定语从句高频点一高频点一 关系词的选择关系词的选择 关系词的选择主要依据先行词在从句中所作的成分，作主语、定语、宾语时选择关系代词(who，whom，that，which，whose)；先行词在从句中作状语时选择关系副词(where，when，why)。1关系代词所代替的先行词是表示人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1)who，whom，that 代替的先行词
3、是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。2)which，that 代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。3)that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。2关系副词 when，where，why 的先行词是表示时间、地点及理由的名词，在从句中作状语。具体用法如下：when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语；where 指地点，在定语从句叶，作地点状语；why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。对于 where 的考查趋于复杂，从先行词为明显的“地点”转为“地点的模糊化”。事实上，对于 where 这个词，不能只理解为表地点。当先行词表示某人物的 situation，或某事所发
4、展的 stage，或表达某事的某个方面时都可用 where 这个关系副词。如：They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other这种用法不是仅仅限于定语从句，特殊疑问句中的 where，名词性从句中的 where 都有这种用法。Where will all this trouble lead? That is where you are mistaken【真题感知真题感知】2 / 161-1. (2014 安徽)The exact year_ Angela and her family spent to
5、gether in China was 2008. A. when B. where C. why D. which 1-2. (2014 北京)I borrow the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, _my classmates recommended to me. A. whoB. which C. when D. where 1-3. (2014 福建) Students should involve themselves in community activities_ they can gain experience
6、 for growth.A. who B. when C. which D. where 1-4. (2014 湖南) I am looking forward to the day _my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her. A. asB. whyC. when D. where 1-5. (2014 江苏) The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work _ a good impression is a m
7、ust. A. whichB. whenC. asD. where 1-6. (2014 山东) A company_ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad. A. which B. whose C. who D. why 1-7. (2014 陕西) Please send us all the information _ you have about the candidate for the position. A. that B. which C. as D. what 1-8. (2
8、014 四川) Up to now, we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children, _ is quite unexpected. A. that B. which C. who D. it 1-9. (2014 浙江) I dont become a serious climber until the fifth grade, _ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.A. when B. where C. which D. why 1-1
9、0. (2014 重庆) Well reach the sales targets in a month_ we set at the beginning of the year. A. whichB. where C. whenD. what 1-11. (2004 湖南)I work in a business _ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance. A. how B. which C. where D. that 1-12. (2013江西)He wrote a letter _ he explained what had hap
10、pened in the accident. A. what B. which C. where D. how 1-13.(2013山东) There is no simple answer, _is often the case in science. A. as B. that C. when D. where【解题指南】定语从句中关系词的选择这类题目可采取“先行词还原法”：第一步，准确确定先行词；第二步，将先行词还原到从句中看看被还原的部分在从句中所作的是什么成分，然后确定选用关系代词还是关系副词。不能看见时间名词就选 when，看见地点名词就选 where，看见reason，就选 wh
11、y。要准确把握语境所表达的确切含义。3 / 16高频点二高频点二 介词介词+关系代词关系代词1 “介词+关系代词”中的关系代词实际上只有 whom(指人)和 which(指物)两个。2当介词不提至关系代词前面时，可以用 that；whowhom 作介词的宾语，而且作介词宾语的关系代词往往可以省略。This is the hero(thatwhowhom)we are proud of. 3 “复合介词短语+关系代词”引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开，定语从句常用倒装语序。He lived in a big house，in front of which stood a big tall tr
12、ee. 4 “介词+关系代词”考查的重点在于“用不用介词”和“用什么介词”。因此在答题时必须注意解题思路。考生可采用“先行词还原法”将先行词还原到从句中来确定正确的介词，具体做法是：1) 把先行词放在从句中，从句子的意思来判断用不用介词和用什么介词。2) 注意从句中动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配。注意注意 在一些固定动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，不能把介词置于关系代词之前。This is the pen which Im 1ooking for(正确) This is the pen for which Im looking(错误) 提醒提醒 由于平时做多了“介词+关系代词，引导定语
13、从句的题目，一些考生的头脑中就形成了思维定式：一看到介词就马上想到用 whichwhom。其实，有时候介词后面是宾语从句而不是定语从句。【真题感知真题感知】 2-1.(2014 天津) English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, _ uses it differently. A. all of which B. each of which C. all of them D. each of them 2-2.(2013 浙江) The children, _ had played the whole day long, w
14、ere worn out. A. all of what B. all of which C. all of them D. all of whom 2-3.(2013辽宁) He may win the competition, _ he is likely to get into the national team. A. in which case B. in that case C. in what case D. in whose case 2-4. (2012 四川) In our class there are 46 students, _ half wear glasses.
15、A. in whom B. in them C. of whom D. of them 2-5. (2011 江西) She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _had taken more than three years. A. for whichB. with whichC. of whichD. to which 2-6. (2010 山东)Wind power is an ancient source of energy _ we may return in the near future.Aon which Bby which Cto which Dfrom which 2-7. (2009 陕西)Gun control is a subject_ Americans
