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1、实验诊断学英文词汇及解释实验诊断学英文词汇及解释Words and Phrases of Laboratory Diagnostics 概 论 Accuracy： 准确度 Closeness of the agreement between the result of a measurement and a true value of the measurand.1.Accuracy is a qualitative concept. Its quantitative counterpart is error of measurement.2.IFCC has used this term w
2、ith the present meaning of trueness. Biological microchip： 生物芯片 Biological microchip (or biochip) is a micro-scale assay platform mainly developed by methods involving microelectronic technology. Biochips in general incorporate the following areas of technological expertise: Nano dispensing a physic
3、al process that places discrete test regions onto each biochip. Reproducibility of test region position and concentration are imperative for accurate assay results. Selection of the correct biologically active ligand to attach to the biochip surface can greatly affect the activity of the assay. Once
4、 placed on the biochip surface, the ligand has to be stabilized, again to retain reproducibility as well as to extend the self-life. In addition, two dimension imaging is required along with specially designed software. Clinical chemistry： 临床化学 Clinical chemistry encompasses the study of the chemica
5、l aspects of human life in health and illness and the application of chemical laboratory methods to diagnosis, control of treatment and prevention of disease. Coefficient variation： 变异系数 The ratio of the standard deviation to the mean. Decision level： 决定水平 A concentration of analyte where medical in
6、terpretation is critical for patient care. There may be several different medical decision levels for a particular analyte . Decision level should provide guidance for selecting relevant estimates of stable imprecision, stable inaccuracy, and matrix inaccuracy. This is analogous to identifying a cri
7、tical target value for assessing test performance and validating quality control design. Evidence based laboratory medicine (EBM)： 循证检验医学 EBLM is the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients. This definition can read
8、ily be applied to laboratory medicine, recognizing(a) that a request for a diagnostic test represents part of a decision-making process; (b) the relevance to the clinical situation at hand; (c) the need for critical appraisal of evidence in terms of quality; and (d) the continuing evolution of evide
9、nce, particularly for new test. Evidence based medicine (EBM)： 循证医学 Evidence based medicine (EBM) is the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients. External quality assessment： 室间质量评价 A program in which multiple speci
10、mens are periodically sent to members of a group of laboratories for analysis and/or identification, and in which each laboratorys results are compared with those of other laboratories in the group and/or with an assigned value, and reported to the participating laboratory and others.Flow cytometry：
11、 流式细胞术 A technique for measuring and characterizing particles, usually cells suspended in fluid. The cells flow individually through an aperture , where they are exposed to light or electric current .Cell properties are determined by their effect on electrical transmission or on reflecting or absorb
12、ing light or fluorescence. Large numbers of cells are examined very rapidly and the results are analyzed by computer. Gas analysis： 血气分析 In order to judge the state of acid-base balance, measurements are made simultaneously of blood pH, PaCO2 and Pa O2 on a single blood gas instrument, then the othe
13、r parameters, such as HCO- ,AB, BB, BE, Sat O2, Ca O2 are calculated by the analyzer. Immunology： 免疫学 Immunology may be considered the study of the phenomena that enable organisms to distinguish nonself from self and to respond specifically to foreign macromolecules.The formation of antibodies and t
14、he generation of antigen-reactive lymphocytes are the two principal phenomena studied. All aspects of these two phenomena and the effector mechanisms that they can recruit are included in the science of immunology. Internal quality control： 室内质量控制 Procedures run in association with the measurement o
15、f patients specimens to evaluate whether the analytical system is operating within predefined tolerance limits. Laboratory medicine： 检验医学 That part of medicine which has to do with ascertaining the nature of disease by means of measuring the value of analyte in body fluids. Laboratory accreditation：
16、 实验室认可 Procedure by which an authoritative body gives formal recognition that a body or person is competent to carry out specific tasks. Microbiology： 微生物学 The branch of science concerned with microorganisms. It can be divided variously into branches, either by content (bacteriology, virology, mycology, protozoology, phycology ) or by area of application (medical, soil, etc.). Molecular biology: 分子生物学 A branch of biology concerned with the properties
