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1、1定语从句 一、定语从句与引导词 定语从句是在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫做选行词，而引导定语从句的词叫引导词，有关系代词和关系副词两类。 懂得什么样的先行词后用什么样的引导词是学好定语从句的关键。 1 关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whose,在定语从句中作主语、宾语中表语，whose作定语。代人的有：who,whom,whose,that；代物的有：that,which,whose.例如：The man who helped you is Mr White.(who 代人，在定语从句中作主语)That is the person(whom/w
2、ho/that) you want to see.(whom,who,that 代人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略)Im not the fool(that) you thought me to be.(that 代人，在定从中作表语)A dictionary is a useful book which(that) tells us the meaning of words(which或 that 代物，在定从中作主语) 2 关系副词有：when(指时间)，where(指地点),why(指原因)，在定语从句中作状语。 例如：Would you suggest a time(when) we c
3、an have a talk?(when 可省略) The house where they live is not very large./This is the reason why he did not came to the meeting. 注意：不是表时间的先行词都用 when 引导定从，不是表地点的先行词都用 where 引导 定从。例如：Well visit the factory which(that) makes radios. (which 或 that 在定从中作主语，where 不可用主语，故不可用) They still remember the happy day
4、s(which/that) they spent in Beidaihe. (which 或 that 在定从中作 spent 的宾语，when 不可作宾语，故不可用)二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句和主句之间不用逗号分开，修饰主句中的某一个名词或名词词组或代 词；非限制性定语从句常用逗号和主句隔开，可以修饰主句中的某一个词，也可修饰整个 句子。非限制性定语从句不能用 that 引导，引导非限制性定语从句的关系词不能省略。非 限制性定语从句例：Li Pings father, who works in a factory, is an engineer./He tore u
5、p my photo, which made me very angry.(which 指代主句内容，因前后两句是因果关系，此时 which 不可换为 as。) He is good at physics, as is known to us all.As is known to us all, he is good at physics.(as 指代 主句内容，在 as is known/believed, as we all know/believe 这类结构中 as 不可换为 which)三、只用 that 引导和不用 that 引导的场合 1 只用 that 引导和不用 that 引导
6、的场合 1） 当先行词既包括人又包括物时：He talked about the men and the books that attracted him. 2） 指物的先行词被 any, every, only, very, all, no 等修饰时：These are the very points that interest me./Thats the only watch that I like most. 3） 指物的先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时：The first step that we are to take is very difficult./This is the
7、second card that he gave me. 4） 先行词是指物的不定代词 all,little,few,much,及 everything,anything,nothing 等时：There is still much that can be done about it./Have you got everything that you need? 5） 先行词是 who 时：Who that have seen him does not like him? 2 不用 that 的场合如下：21）非限制性定语从句中 Last night ,I saw a very good fi
8、lm,which was about the Long March . 2）介词放在关系代词之前时 This is the man from whom I learnt the news 3）句中出现了 that，或先行词是 that 时 I have found that which I was looking for.四、 “介词关系代词”用法 1 介词的确定应依据定语从句中短语的习惯性搭配，例如：Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands?(shake hands with是习惯性搭配) 2 介词常受先行词的制约（即介词和先行词的搭配）
9、，例如：He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.(through which 即 through the telescope) 3 当关系代词作“动词介词”固定短语的宾语时，此时因定短语中的介词不能拆开移到 关系代词前。例如：This is the watch which youre looking for./He is a kind of man whom you can safely depend on.五、几个名词后的引导词 1.situation 后常用 where,in which 引导定语从句：Can
10、you imagine a situation where/in which you can use the word? 2.way(方式，方法)后常用 in which 或 that 或 how 引导定语从句，也可省略：Do you know the way(in which/that/how) he worked out the problem? 3.“the same名词”， “such名词”， “as名词”后通常用 as 引导定语从句。 例如：I have the same dictionary as you(have)./Such a book as you bought is no
11、t worth buying.定语从句考点分析 1 The best work _ Luxun wrote and _ I have read has been made into a film. A.which;that B.that; C.;that D.; 析：如果两个定语从句并列，关系代词作宾语时前一句的可以省略，但后一句的不可省 略，故应选 C。 2 It was in 1969 _ two Americans got to the moon by space ship. It was 1969 _ two Amerians got to the moon by space ship
12、. A.when B.which C.that D. 析：第一句是强调时间 in 1969,强调结构是“It was强调部分that 句”，故应选 C。第 二句 It 是表时间的，先行词 1969 在从句中作状语，故选 A。 3 Is this the house _ Shakespeare was born? A.at which B.which C.in which D.at where 析：观察题目，空白处只有填 in which 或 where 才能表达“这是莎士比亚出生的房子吗？ ”这一意思，故答案为 C。 4 Is this house _ Shakespeare was born
13、? A.where B.which C.in which D.at which 析：将此句变为陈述句；This house is _ Shakespeare was born.显然 is 后是一表语从 句，只有选 where(the place where)才能表达“这是莎士比亚的出生地”这一意思，故答 案为 A。 5 In the dark street,there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help. A.to whom B.of whom C.from whom D.that析：“介词关系代词”要考虑短语搭配或与先行搭配，这道题
14、短语 turn to 有关，故应选 A。36 The two things _ they felt very proud were Jims gold watch and Dellas hair. Aabout which B.of which C.in which D.for which析：涉及 be/feel proud of 短语，故答案为 B。 7 Have you ever asked him the reason _ may explain his being late. A.why B.that C.for which D.what 析：此题易误选 A、C，因为先行词是 the
15、reason,但细观察分析，定语从句缺少主语， 所以答案是 B。注意 what 不能引导定语从句。 8 Farming is difficult _ there is no rain. A.where B.in place C.that D.the place where 析：因为 difficult 是形容词，故其后不是定语从句。这儿的空白处应填引导状语从句 where(in the place where),全句表达“在没有雨水的地方耕种困难”。这一意思，可见答 案为 A。 9 We need the same machine _ in your factory. A.which is being used B.as is being used C.that is being used D.as it is being used析：根据“the same先行词”后跟 as 引导定语从句的原则，可知答案为 B。 10_ the people,not things _ are most important. A.There are;who B.Those are;that C.It is;that D.It was;who 析：仔细观察分析题目，可知只有 C 构成强调句才有成立。当我们要检验视其
