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1、V形容词和副词及其比较结构和特殊用法形容词和副词及其比较结构和特殊用法1. 形容词层迭修饰时的顺序形容词层迭修饰时的顺序 : 县官行令杀国才县官行令杀国才e.g. a charming big round old black Italian oak writing desk2. 副词副词1）兼有两种形式的副词的不同意义和用法兼有两种形式的副词的不同意义和用法Clean/ cleanly, clear/ clearly, close/ closely, dead/ deadly, direct/ directly, easy/ easily, fair/ fairly, firm/ firmly
2、, free/ freely, high/ highly, just/ justly, late/ lately, sharp/ sharply2) 副词在词组中可以修饰动词、形容词、副词、限定词、名词，大多作前置副词在词组中可以修饰动词、形容词、副词、限定词、名词，大多作前置修饰语，修饰语，但但 enough 例外例外e.g. She cooks well enough.He didnt run fast enough.3) hardly/ barely/ scarcely：三个词在意义上都接近于否定。：三个词在意义上都接近于否定。 Hardly 着重于强调某种困难，着重于强调某种困难，sc
3、arcely 含有含有“几乎没有，接近最低限几乎没有，接近最低限度度, 不足不足”的意思，两者都可与的意思，两者都可与 any, ever, at all 连用：连用：He has hardly any money. /I hardly ever go out. /There were scarcely twenty people there. (那儿连那儿连 20 个人都没有个人都没有) Barely 意为意为“仅仅，几乎不能仅仅，几乎不能”： She was barely 15 when she won her first championship.4）nearly/ almost/ qu
4、ite/ rather almost 强调强调“差一点差一点就就”（=very nearly）,可用于可用于 no, none, nothing 等前等前面，但不能用面，但不能用 not 修饰；修饰； nearly 表示表示“接近接近”，常可与，常可与 almost 换用，换用，not 修修饰饰 nearly 意为意为“远非远非”，“远不及远不及”。 e.g. Almost no one (=Hardly anyone) believes her. There is not nearly enough (much too little) food for all these people. 在
5、非正式语体中，在非正式语体中，quite, rather 等程度副词可做前置修饰语，修饰整个名等程度副词可做前置修饰语，修饰整个名词词组词词组:e.g. It takes quite some time.Thats quite a story.Shes rather a fool.3. 比较结构比较结构1）asas: : the same asalmost/ just/ nearly asasas many+pl. n+as, as much+U+as, as adj. a/an+ singl. n+ashalf/ twice/ three times asas （the size/numbe
6、r/price of）e.g. She has written as many essays as her brother (has).He took as much butter as he needed.I dont want as expensive a car as this.She gave me twice the number of cards I asked for. 2) not so muchasIt wasnt so much his appearance I liked as his personality. (与其说与其说不如说不如说)It wasnt so much
7、 that I disliked her as that I just wasnt interested. 3) 含有含有 than 的结构的结构a. 比较同一类事物时，要用比较同一类事物时，要用 other 把其排除在其他同类事物之外把其排除在其他同类事物之外e.g. The film is much more interesting than all the other ones. b. 除了表示比较含义之外，除了表示比较含义之外，morethan 结构还有另外的含义结构还有另外的含义:He is more a scholar than a businessman. (He is a sc
8、holar rather than a businessman.)c. no more than: 仅仅；仅仅； 和和一样都不一样都不 (no better than; no richer than; no bigger than; no later than, etc.)I am no more than 30 this year. = Im only/ just 30 this year.Mary is no more beautiful than Jane. 玛丽和珍一样都不漂亮。玛丽和珍一样都不漂亮。Water is no more solid than gold is liquid.
9、 就像金子不是液体一样，水也不就像金子不是液体一样，水也不是固体。是固体。 not more than: 至多，不超过；至多，不超过； 不比不比更更I am not more than 30 this year. = I am at most 30 this year.Mary is not more beautiful than Jane. 玛丽没有珍漂亮。玛丽没有珍漂亮。 no morethan (= notany more than )A whale is no more a fish than a horse is. 鲸不是鱼，如同马不是鱼一样。鲸不是鱼，如同马不是鱼一样。 单独使用单
10、独使用 more than 表示否定：表示否定：That is more than I can tell. 4) the morethe more, 表示两个过程按比例同时递增。表示两个过程按比例同时递增。1. The patients progress was very encouraging as he could get out of the difficulties. (2001)A. nearly B. hardly C. merely D. barely2. -Does Alan like hamburgers?-Yes. So much that he eats them alm
11、ost every day. (2003)A. for B. as C. to D. so3. That trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasnt bothered by his loudness _ by his lack of talent. (2004)A. so much asB. rather thanC. as D. than4. The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of a full-loaded truck, _ to the truck. (2004
12、)A. the greater stress isB. greater is the stressC. the stress is greaterD. the greater the stress 5. It was _ we had hoped. (2006)A more a success than B a success more than C as much of a success as D a success as much as6. Susan is very hardworking, but her pay is not_ for her work. (2006)A enoug
13、h good B good enough C as good enough D good as enough7. There are as good fish in the sea _ever came out of it. （2007）A. than B. like C. as D. so 8. It is not _much the language as the background that makes the book difficult to understand. (2007)A. that B. as C. so D. very 9. Overpopulation poses
14、a terrible threat to the human race. Yet it is probably _a threat to the human race than environmental destruction. (2007)A. no more B. not more C. even more D. much more 10. What does “He wisely refused to spend his money“ mean? (2008)A. It was wise of him to refuse to spend his money. B. He refuse
15、d to spend his money in a wise manner. C. He was short of money and didnt want to buy anything. D. He refused, in a wise manner, to spend his money. 11. The square itself is five hundred yards wide, five times _ the size of St. Peters in Rome. (2008)A. / B. that of C. which is D. of 12. A new laptop
16、 costs about _ of a second-hand one. (2009)A. the price of three times B. three times the priceC. as much as the three times price D. three times more than the price13. Which of the following adverbs can NOT be used to complete “ _ everybody came“? (2009)A. Nearly B. Quite C. Practically D. Almost14. He feels that he is no
