句子成分与基本句型

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1、句子成分与基本句型句子成分与基本句型1.主语(主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east.(名词) He likes dancing.(代词)Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) To see is to believe.(不定式)Seeing is believing.(动名词)What he needs is a book. (主语从句) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tr

2、ee.(It 形式主语,主语从句是真正主语) 2.谓语(谓语(predicate): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 We study English. He is asleep. 3.表语(表语(predicative): 系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher.(名词) She was very tired and looked it.(代词) Five and five is ten.(数词) He is asleep.(形容词) His father is in.(副词) T

3、he picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词) To wear a flower is to say “Im poor, I cant buy a ring. (不定式) The question is whether they will come. (表语从句) (常见的系动词有(常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来)(听起来), look(看起来)(看起来), feel(摸起来,摸起来,smell(闻起来)(闻起来), taste(尝、(尝、 吃起来)吃起来), rema

4、in(保持,仍是)(保持,仍是), feel(感觉)(感觉) . It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange. Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin. The food smells delicious. The food tastes good. The door remains open. Now I feel tired. 4.宾语:宾语:1)动作的承受者)动作的承受者-动宾动宾 I like China.(名词) He hates you.(代词) How many do you need? W

5、e need two.(数词) We should help the old and the poor. (形容词) I enjoy working with you. (动名词) I hope to see you again.(不定式) Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句) 2) 介词后的名词、代词和动名词介词后的名词、代词和动名词-介宾介宾 Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3) 双宾语双宾语-间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)

6、He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money. 5宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。 We elected him monitor(名词) We all think it a pity that she didnt come here.(名) We will make them happy(形容词)We found nobody in.(副词)Please make yourself at home.(介词短语) Dont let him do that. (省 to 不定式)His

7、 father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(带 to 不定式)Dont keep the lights burning.(现在分词) Ill have my bike repaired.(过分词) 6.主补:对主语的补充。主补:对主语的补充。 He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. 7.定语:修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。定语:修饰或限制名词或代词

8、的词、词组或句子。 Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名词) He is our friend.(代词) We belong to the third world.(数词) He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容词) The man over there is my old friend.(副词) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词) The boys playing football are in Class 2.(现在分词)Th

9、e trees planted last year are growing well now.(过分)I have an idea to do it well.(不定式) You should do everything that I do. (定语从句) 8.状语:用来修饰状语:用来修饰 v., adj., adv., or 句子。句子。 表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和 让步。让步。 (以下例句按上述顺序排列) I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in

10、the meeting room. The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well. He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much. If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike. Though he is young, he can do it well. 9. 独立成分

11、:与句子其他成分没有通常的语法关系,如插入语、感叹语、呼语等,一般用逗号将它与独立成分:与句子其他成分没有通常的语法关系,如插入语、感叹语、呼语等,一般用逗号将它与句子隔开。句子隔开。如:Hes a nice person, to be sure. 肯定他是一个好人。Strange to say, he did pass his exam after all. 说也奇怪,考试他竟然通过了。 10.英语句子成分歌英语句子成分歌 英语句子八呀八大块,主谓宾表真呀真实在; 补语跟着宾语表语跑,定语同位(语)专把名词踹。 状语的位置它自由自在,忽右忽左随心所欲摆。 浑身的毛病真呀真不少,前后乱窜它还会

12、加塞。(RAP) 11.英语五种基本句型英语五种基本句型 英语句子万万千,五大句型把线牵。句型种类为动词,后接什么是关键;系词后面接表语;vi 独身无 牵连;vt 又可分三类,单宾双宾最常见,还有宾语补足语;各种搭配记心间。英语五种基本句型列式 如下: 基本句型一: + (主谓) 基本句型二: + + (主系表) 基本句型三: + + (主谓宾) 基本句型四: + +IO +(主谓间宾直宾) 基本句型五: + + +(主谓宾宾补) 基本句型基本句型 一一 +(主谓)/主语+不及物动词 此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词, 后面可以跟副词、介词

13、短语、状语从句等。The rain stopped. They work hard. The old man walks i n the park . 基本句型基本句型 二二 + +(主系表)/主语+系动词+表语(名、代、形、介词等) 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词(系动词本身)都不能表达一个完整的意思,需要形容词 ,名词,介词短语等来补充说明主语,也叫主语补语。系动词分两类:be, look, feel, smell, taste, soun d 等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn, go 等属另一类,表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只 起连系主

14、语和表的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义,如:stay, prove, remain, stand。 The flower is dead. I feel quite hungry. 基本句型基本句型 三三 + +(主谓宾)/主语+及物动词+宾语 此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必 须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。 Plants need water. Do you know him ? 基本句型基本句型 四四 + +IO +(主谓间宾直宾) 此句型的句子有一个共同特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达

15、完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是 动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者。He gives me some seeds. Give me the book, please. 基本句型 五 + + +(主谓宾宾补) 此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须 加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。 We elected him our monitor. I found my money stolen . The news made us sad. 12.翻译练习:翻译练习: 主谓结构 ( 主语 不及物动词 ) 1.你应当努力学习。 2.她昨天回家很晚。 主系表结构 (主语 系动词表语 ) 1.我的兄弟都是大学生。 2.冬季白天短,夜晚长。 主谓宾结构 (主语 及物动词 宾语 ) 1.昨晚我写了一封信。 2.今天下午我想同你谈谈。 双宾语结构 (主语双宾动词间接宾语直接宾语 ) 1 .Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。 2. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事 复合宾语结构 (主语 动词 宾语 宾语补足语 )1.我们叫她 Alice. 2.他的父母给他取名为

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