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1、present perfect tense一构成：have / has + 动词的过去分词（done）被动结构：have / has been + 动词的过去分词（done）二现在完成时的基本用法：1. 表示过去发生的事或刚结束的动作对现在仍有影响或造成的结果。 He has turned off the light. 他已把灯关了。The disappearance of Justin has made Kelly very unhappy. (Justin 在过去失踪，但是 Kelly 至今仍为他的失踪感到不高兴。)The police have just finished searchi
2、ng the area. 2. 表示过去开始的动作一直延续到现在（句中用延续性动词） 。He has lived here since 1995. 自从 1995 年以来，他一直住在这儿。I have not seen Justin since last Friday night. （从上周五晚上到现在一直都没有见过 Justin）3. 表示过去曾发生过一次或多次的行为，也可以表示一种经历。Some villagers say that they have seen UFOs many times.三常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有：1already (多用于肯定)，yet（多用于否定、疑问）
3、，never, ever，before, several times, recently, lately, just(而 just now 用一般过去时)等2so far, up to now, how long, for+时间段，since+时间点/时间段加 ago/从句(从句用一般过去时), in the past/ last +时间段，by now, by this time, these days, all these years,。请看如下高考题中完成时态与标志词之间的对应关系：1. You dont need to describe her, I have met her seve
4、ral times.2. -Who is Jerry Copper?-Havent you met him yet? I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.3. -How are you today?- Oh, I havent felt as ill as I do now for a very long time.4. I wonder why Jenny hasnt written to us recently. We should have heard from her by now.5. With the rapid grow
5、th of population, the city has spread in all directions in the past five years.来源:Z+xx+k.Com6. Years ago we didnt know this, but recent science has shown that people who dont sleep well soon get ill.7. The country life he was used to has changed since 1992.8. We havent seen him since he left Nanjing
6、.We havent seen him for two years/ since 2002.9. My brother is an actor. He has appeared in several films so far. 10. Ive met the old man somewhere before. 注意：1一些非延续性动词，如，arrive, teach, join, lose, fall, come, go, leave, buy 等，其现在完成时形式不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。如：他三年前买了一辆车。He has bought a car for three years.
7、 （误）He has had a car for three years. （正）He has bought a car. （正）He bought a car three years ago. （正）他两年前参了军。 He has joined the army for two years. （误）He has been in the army for two years.（正）He has joined the army. （正）He joined the army two years ago. （正）2.用于 until, after, as soon as, if 等引导的时间或条件状
8、语从句中，用现在完成时代替将来完成时，强调动作的完成。如：I cant promise you anything until I have spoken to the manager.在和经理商谈之前，我不能向你承诺任何事情。Please turn off the electricity after you have finished the experiment.试验完成之后请关掉电源。3.现在完成时不与具体的过去时间短语及 when 连用I dont know when he has left.（误）He has left here ten minutes ago. 误）4. 注意 hav
9、e been to 和 have/has gone to 的区别：来源:学科网have/has been to 曾经去过去过某地 have/has gone to 去了去了某地Jack is on holiday now. He has gone to France. (He is in France now or he is on his way to France.)Jack is back in London now. He has been to France .(He was in France but now he has returned.)5一些特殊句式要用现在完成时态：1）I
10、t/This is the first / second time thatthat 从句从句用现在完成时。It is the first time that I have visited the city.It was the third time that the boy had been late. This is the first time (that) Ive heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌2）This is the that结构，that 从句从句要用现在完成时.This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen.。This
11、 is the only book that he has written.3）It is/ has +一段时间+since 从句It is/ has been 3 years since I saw you.ComparisonCompare the difference between the simple past tense and the present perfect tense.现在完成 时与一般过去时所表示的动作或状态都发生在过去，区别在于：1现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系，如对现在产生的影响或结果，它不与表过去的时间状语连用。2一般过去时则只表示过去的事实，与现在毫无关系
12、关系，它常与这些时间状语词连用：yesterday, last night/ week/ month/ year, ago, in 1980, at that time, then, the other day, just now, once 等。1. We have studied English for about five years.We began to study it five years ago.2. They moved to the south in 1990 and have lived there since then.3. Eric left home last ye
13、ar and has just come back.4. Justin has been away from home for several days. He disappeared last Friday.5. They bought this house three years ago and they have lived here since then.6. My brother went to see my grandpa last week.He has visited him three times this month.7. “Have you seen my pen?” “
14、 Yes, I saw it on your desk just now.”8. Has the postman come yet/ this morning?Did the postman come this morning?9. I have known him for a long time.Hello! I didnt know you were here in Nanjing. How long have you been here?来源:学科网 ZXXK10. He has smoked for six years. ( He still smokes.)He smoked for
15、 six years. ( It may mean that he stopped smoking then.)11. Tom has had a bad car crash. ( Hes probably still in hospital now.)Tom had a bad car crash.( But hes probably out of hospital now.)12. We havent seen Justin for a week. ( He is till missing.)Justin disappeared last week. ( It may mean that
16、this week Justin is here.)present perfect continuous tense一构成：have / has been + doing (注意区分 have/ has been done 结构)二通常使用现在完成进行时的情况：1. 表示过去开始的动作一直延续到现在并仍在继续之中。I have not been sleeping well since I returned home.( “我”回家后一直都没睡好，现在也没睡好。)2. 表示过去开始的动作刚结束并在某种情况下与现在有关联。Kelly: Sorry Im late. Have you been waiting long? （凯利刚到，对方虽然不再等了，但已一直等到现在）Sally: Yes. I have been waiting for an hour.三现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别：1. 现在完成
