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1、1（十三）主谓一致和倒装句（十三）主谓一致和倒装句01 命题趋势 考标导向化主谓一致是初中阶段的重要语法项目之一，经常出现在近几年的中考试卷中。考查重点是主谓一致：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则，其中语法一致原则和就近一致原则是历年的考查热点。从命题形式来看，主要以单项选择为主，在完形填空、句型转换和翻译句子中有时也会涉及此考点。02 定义 概念清晰化主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致必须遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。语法一致原则是指主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式
2、。意义一致原则是主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致，即主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，则谓语动词用复数形式；若主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式。就近一致原则也叫邻近原则，是指谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。03 知识归类 知识网络化语法一致原则语法一致原则分类图解类图解使用情况例句“不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句”等用作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。The girl is fond of singing.To protect the environment is our duty.Reading in the su
3、n is bad for our eyes.表示复数的名词、代词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。The students are having their math class.They have been to Qingdao twice.and 连接主语时，如果该并列主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或事物，谓语动词用复数形式；如果该并列主语指的是“同一个人或事物”(即 and 后面的名词前面没有冠词)，则谓语动词要用单数形式。Eating vegetables and doing exercise are good for our health.The writer and teacher is
4、coming.The writer and the teacher are coming.bothand连接主语，谓语动词用复数形式。Both Peter and Mike come from England.有些只有复数形式的名词(如glasses,shorts,trousers,jeans,shoes,cJacks glasses are broken.Lindas shoes are black and lothes,gloves 等)作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。blue.“a number of +复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of+复数名词”作主语，
5、谓语动词用单数形式。A number of trees have been planted.The number of the men teachers in our school is more than 120.不定代词 another,each one,either,neither,the other,somebody,someone,something,nobody,everybody,everyone,everything,nothing,anybody,anything,anyone,no one 等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Is everyone here?Something
6、 is wrong with my computer.I called last night,but nobody was in.主语后面跟 with,along with,like,except,besides,as well as,together with,including,no less than,rather than,as much as 等词或短语时，谓语动词的数与主语保持一致Mei Mei,with her parents,often goes to the park on Sunday.A teacher,together with some students,is sta
7、nding at the gate.主语前面有表示“单位、度量”的短语如“a kind (sort/type/form/pair/cup/glass/piece/load/block/box/handful/quantity/ton/metre/)of”等时，表示“单位、度量”的这个名词的单复数决定谓语的单复数形式。This kind of car is made in China.Large quantities of water are needed.“分数或百分数 + 名词”作主语或“a lot oflots of,plenty of,most of + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单、复
8、数形式取决于名词。若名词是单数可数名词或者是不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式；若名词是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数形式。Two thirds of the work has been finished.Most of the books are written in English.特例清单特例清单1.what 从句作主语时 ，如果表示的是单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示的是复数意义，则谓语动词用复数形式。如：What we need is time.我们需要的是时间。What she needs are good books.她需要的是一些好书。2.and 连接并列主语，若前面有
9、each,every,many a,no 等词修饰时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。如：Each boy and each girl has got a present.每个男孩和女孩都收到了一份礼物。【题组训练题组训练】2()1.(2014黔东南)Climbing hills _ good for our health.A.areB.isC.wasD.were()2.(2014咸宁)What are you going to do this weekend?I together with my classmates _ going to climb Mount Qian.A.isB.amC.are
10、D.Were()3.(2014达州)I called you at 5:00 yesterday afternoon，but no one answered.Sorry，I with my parents_ at that time.A.was shoppingB.were shoppingC.are shoppingD.went shopping()4.(2014孝感)A number of volunteers _ from far away cities.A.isB.areC.is comeD.arc come()5.(2014白银)The zoo keeper is worried b
11、ecause the number of visitors _ smaller and smaller.A.becomeB.are becomingC.is becomingD.have become意义一致原则意义一致原则分类图解分类图解使用情况例句使用情况例句有些集体名词如crowd,family, team, group, government, class, staff, public 等，它们作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据具体语境而定：若它们表示一个集体单位，则动词用单数形式；若表示集体中的成员，则谓语用复数形式。His family isnt large.His family are
12、 fond of watching sports programs.有些集合名词如people,police,cattle,poultry(家禽)等，形式上是单数，而意义上却表示复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；有些名词如news,means,works,physics,politics,maths等，形式上是复数，而意义上却表示单数，因此谓语动词用单数形式。The police are searching for the murder.Physics is really difficult for me“the + 某些形容词”可以表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。The young a
13、re energetic.某些代词或短语如 half(of),plenty (of),the rest(of),(a)part(of)等作主语时，谓语动词应视其“具体所指”即所修饰的名词来决定单、复数。Half of the work has been finished.Half of the workers have finished their work ahead of time.表示重量、度量、时间、长度、价格、数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，通常视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。Two pounds isnt so heavy.Two months is a long holiday.
14、Ten yuan is enough.Ten minus five is five.特例清单特例清单1.某些以s 结尾的地理名称，如果是国名，如 the United States，the Netherlands 等，谓语动词用单数形式；如果是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。如：The United States is a developed country.美国是一个发达的国家。The Niagara Falls are perhaps the most splendid waterfall in the world.尼亚加拉大瀑布或许是世界上最壮观的瀑布。2.n
15、one 如果指量，动词用单数；若用来指数目，与可数名词连用，谓语动词用单、复数形式皆可；none 如果代指不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数。如：None of the money belongs to me.没有一分钱是属于我的。None of the students has/have been to Egypt in our class.我们班没有一个学生去过埃及。3.“all/most/half/the rest of+名词”作主语，谓语动词与 of后面的名词的数保持一致。如：Most of her money is spent on clothes.她的大部分钱被花在衣服上了。Half o
16、f the students watch TV twice a week.一半的学生一周看两次电视。【题组训练题组训练】()6.(2014广东)Do you need more time to complete the task?Yes.Another ten days _ enough.A.isB.wasC.areD.were()7.(2014宜宾)Look! The police _ the food onto the bank of the river.A.am carryingB.is carryingC.are carryingD.are carried()8.(2013广安)Maths _ my favorite subject.What about you?Physics _.I think its very interesting.A.is;isB.are;areC.are;is()9.(2012佛山)Thanks
