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1、蓝天家教网 http:/ 伴你快乐成长本资料来源于本资料来源于七彩教育网七彩教育网http:/第十三章第十三章 主主谓谓一一 致致主谓一致是指一个句子的主语和谓语动词保持人称与数的一致关系。有些句子不易直 接看出主语的单复数，需仔细推敲。处理主谓一致要注意语法一致，意义上一致和就近一 致。 高考重点要求：高考重点要求： 1.根据主谓一致的三个原则(语法一致,意义一致，就近一致), 判断和确定句子的主语和 谓语在人称和数上保持一致 2.掌握固定词组作主语,谓语动词的数与主语保持一致第一节 知识点概述一一 、 语语 法法 上上 的的 一一致致一个句子的主语是单数时，谓语动词也应是单数形式，主语是复
2、数，谓语动词也用复 数形式。例如： Learning English is very important. 学习英语是很重要的。 The girl together with her two sisters has left for Nanjing. Both Bob and Tom are my friends. 但如果并列的主语指的是同一个人，同一类物，谓语动词要用单数形式。 例如：A singer and dancer is going to attend our meeting. 由 and 连接的并列单数主语前，如果分别有 each, every 等修饰时，谓语要用单数。 例如：Ev
3、ery boy and every girl was given a present. Each word and each phrase in the dictionary is important.二二 、 意意 义义 上上 的的 一一致致主语形式是单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词根据意义要用复数；反之主语形式为复数， 但意义为单数，谓语动词也用单数。如表示一笔钱，一段时间，一定重量时，这些单位虽 是复数形式，但谓语动词是单数形式。 例如：It seems to me that five years is so short a time. Two hundred dollars was spe
4、nt on the books. 有些集体名词，如 family, group, class 等作主语时，作为整体看待，谓语动词要用单数， 就其中一个个成员而言，谓语要用复数。 例如：My family is a happy one. My family are watching TV.三三 、 就就 近近 一一致致蓝天家教网 http:/ 伴你快乐成长出现几个主语时，谓语动词的人称单复数须和最近的主语保持一致。There be, Here be 句型中动词的单复数必须与后置的第一个主语保持一致。当 be 后面的主语有两个或两个以 上的并列成分时，be 动词往往与最邻近的一个一致。 例如：Th
5、ere is an orange, two apples and many bananas on the table. There are two books and a dictionary on the desk. 两个做主语的名词或代词由 eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also 等连接时， 谓语动词用靠近原则。 例如：Neither you nor I am right. Not only the students but also the teacher is going to attend the meeting. 但如果用 as well as
6、 连接两个主语用靠前原则 例如：Mary as well as you is my friend.第二节 实战演练一一 、 复复 习习 时时 需需 注注 意意 的的 要要 点点1、 集体名词看作整体时，谓语动词用单数，看作各个成员时，谓语用复数。 例如：His family isnt large.His family are all fond of music. 2、 些名词如 news, maths, physics 等虽然有词尾“s”但意义上是单数，谓语动词要用单数。例如：The news is wonderful.Physics is an interesting subject. 3、
7、 由数词+表示重量、里程、时间、金钱等名词所构成的复数名词主语，是当作一个整体 看待的，后面用单数动词。 例如：Five minutes is too short.Ten dollars is enough. 4、 主语后面跟有介词 with 或 together with 引导的短语时，谓语动词一般与前面的主语的 人称和数一致。 例如：The teacher together with ten students is doing an experiment in the lab. 5、 主语前有 every 或 each 修饰时，无论有几个主语，谓语动词用单数。 例如：Every teach
8、er and every student in our school has been to the Century Park.二二 、 历历 届届 高高 考考 试试 题题 分分 析析例 1、He is the only one of the students who _a winner of scholarship for three years. A. is B. are C. have been D. has been 答案为 D。 【解析】 这是一个定语从句。在 one 前是否有定冠词决定定语从句中的谓语动词的单 复数形式：one of the students 中的先行词是 the
9、students，定语从句中的谓语动词要用复 数形式。the only one of the students 中的先行词是 the only one，定语从句中的谓语动词要 用单数形式。又因“for three years”是完成时的标志。蓝天家教网 http:/ 伴你快乐成长例 2、Professor Smith, along with his assistants, _ on the project day and night to meet the deadline.A. workB. working C. is working D. are working 答案：C 【解析】 Pro
10、fessor Smith 决定谓语动词的数；his assistants 和谓语动词的数无关。例 3、Not only _interested in football but _beginning to show an interest in it. A. the teacher himself is all his students are B. the teacher himself is are all his students C. is the teacher himself are all his students D. is the teacher himself all his
11、 students are 答案为 D. 【解析】 not only but (also )连结两个句子，用部分倒装。例 4、-“Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, _ to go to university.” -“So do I.” A. hope B. hopes C. hoping D. hoped 答案为 B。 【解析】 “each of +名词复数”谓语用单数。例 5、E-mail, as well as telephone, _ an important part in daily communica
12、tion. A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. hoped 答案为 A。 【解析】 本题考察主谓一致，当主语后面跟有 as well as 短语时，其后的谓语动词不受 as well as 之后的名词影响，仍然和主语在人称和数上保持一致。例 6、Books of this kind _ well. A. sell B. sells C. are sold D. is sold 答案为 A。 【解析】 “kind(s) of + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数依 kind 单复数而定；“复数名 词 + of this/that kind ”
13、作主语时，谓语动词的数依 of 前面的名词而定。本题中 sell 用作 不及物动词表示“销售” 。例 7、Every possible means _ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. A. is used B. are used C. has been used D. have been used 答案为 C。 【解析】 mean 单数复数一个形式。在本题中代表单数。例 8、When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _ yet. A. are not
14、decided B. have not been decided C. is not being decided D. has not been decided 答案为 D。 【解析】 不定式作主语，谓语动词用单数。蓝天家教网 http:/ 伴你快乐成长例 9、The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. A. were, was B. was, was C. was, were D. were, were 答案为 C。 【解析】 “the number of
15、” 表示“的数量” ，谓语用单数；“a number of”表示“许 多” ，谓语用复数。例 10、_ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.A. Two fifthisB. Two fifthare C. Two fifthsis D. Two fifthsare 答案为 C。 【解析】 考察数词和主谓一致。分数词在句中作主语时，谓语动词必须跟分数词所修饰 的名词保持数的一致。第三节 巩固练习Direction: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer that completes the sentence.1. His “Selected Poems” _ first published in 1965. A. were B. was C. has been D. were 2. All but one _
