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1、课课程程 设设计计说说明明书书太阳能充太阳能充/放电控制器设计放电控制器设计专业专业自动化学生姓名学生姓名王晶巧班级班级B 自动化 081学号学号0810603118指导教师指导教师张兰红完成日期完成日期2012 年 5 月 26 日盐城工学院课程设计说明书（2012）太阳能充太阳能充/放电控制器设计放电控制器设计摘 要: 对以 STC12C5412AD 单片机为控制核心的太阳能充/放电控制器进行了设计。该控制器实现的功能有自动检测太阳能电池板电压，决定能否开启充电；当蓄电池电压低于 10.8V时，自动关断负载；当蓄电池电压高于 14.8V 时，自动关断负载；当蓄电池处于浮充状态时电压值控制在
2、 13.7V；当蓄电池反接或系统出现异常时，蜂鸣器报警。根据控制器的主要功能，提出了设计方案并进行了论证。设计包括硬件设计和软件设计两大部分。硬件部分包括单片机最小系统、电源转换及控制电路、显示模块、按键模块、报警模块和串口通信模块六个部分。单片机选用宏晶 STC 公司的 STC12C5412AD，用电源转换及控制电路控制蓄电池的充电和负载的放电，用 1602 液晶显示器显示系统信息，用发光二极管显示系统的运行状态，用按键来调节系统的各个参数及状态，用蜂鸣器对异常情况报警，用 MAX232 和 RS232 进行串口通信。软件采用了模块化的设计方法，主要分为主程序、A/D 转换子程序、按键检测子
3、程序、液晶显示子程序四部分。首先在万用板上制作了太阳能充/放电控制器系统，对硬件和软件部分分别进行了调试，再进行了软硬件联调，调试成功后，开始制作 PCB 板，焊好 PCB 板之后再进行整体的调试运行，最后得到较为完美的太阳能充/放电控制器，可圆满地完成毕业设计任务。关键词: 单片机；太阳能电池；蓄电池；控制器盐城工学院课程设计说明书（2012）Design on the charging/discharging controller of solar engryAbstract: As to this topic, the STC12C5412AD MCU is chosed as the
4、control core in the design of the solar charging/discharging controller.The controller can achieve the following functions: detection of solar panels voltage automatically; when the voltage of accumulator is lower than 10.8V, load is shut down automatically; when the voltage of accumulator is above
5、14.8V, load is shut down automatically; when the accumulator is in floating state ,the voltage is controlled at 13.7V; when the storage battery is reverse connection or system is abnormal, buzzer alarms.According to the main function of the controller, the following designed scheme is proposed and d
6、emonstrateddan. The design includes hardware design and software design of two parts. The hardware part comprises six parts ,such as the minimum system of MCU , the circuit of the power conversion and control, alarm module , display module, keyboard module, the communication of serial ports module.T
7、he STC12C5412AD producted by Hong Jing is choosed as the main control chip; the charging of the accumulator and the discharging of load are controlled by the circuit of the power conversion and control; 1602LCD is adapted to display system information; system states are displayed by LED; the keys ar
8、e used to adjust the system parameters and states of the system; buzzer alarms on the unusual situation; MAX232 and RS232 are used for the communication of serial ports.As to the software part design,the modular method is adopted.In this part,what mainly included are main program, A / D conversion s
9、ubroutine, liquid crystal display subroutine，keyboard detection subroutine , liquid crystal display subroutine.Firstly, a solar charging / discharging controller system is produced on porous plate ,as to debug the hardwar and software respectively,which are connected to debug subsequently. debugging
10、. When the first step is reached, the PCB board is started to be made.Then the whole system needs debugging until a perfect solar charging / discharging controller system ia achieved. Finally,this graduation design task is put across.Key words: MCU;solar battery; storage battery ;contorller盐城工学院课程设计说明书（2012）目目 录录1 概述.1 1.1 课题研究背景与意义.1 1.2 课题设计内容.1 2 设计方案论证.1 2.1 总体设计.1 2.2 蓄电池参数选择.2 3 系统硬件电路设计.43.1 单片机最小系统.4 3.2 电源转换及控制电路.7 3.3 显示模块.8 3.4 按键模块.11 3.5 报警模块.12 3.6 串口通信模块.12 4 系统软件设计.14 4.1 主程序.14 4.2 A/D 转换子程序.16 4.3 按键检测子程序.
