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1、历年考研英语阅读理解真题汇总Passage 1A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight ties larger than any competitor,
2、 giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. Its scientists were the worlds best, its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowe
3、d as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face
4、of foreign competition. By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith.(Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Koreas LG Electronics in July.)Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market Americas machine-tool industry was on the ropes. For a while i
5、t looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. They began to believe that their way of doing business was
6、failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of Americas industrial decline. Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.How things have ch
7、anged! In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride.“ American industry has changed it
8、s structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted,“ according to Richard Cavanagh, executive dean of Harvards Kennedy School of Government,“ It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity, says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute
9、, a think-tank in Washington, DC. And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as“ a golden age of business management in the United States.“1.The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War because_ .Ait had made painstaking efforts toward
10、s this goalBits domestic market was eight times larger than beforeCthe war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitorsDthe unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy2.The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact t
11、hat the American_ .ATV industry had withdrawn to its domestic marketBsemiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprisesCmachine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actionsDauto industry had lost part of its domestic market3.What can be inferred from the passage?AIt is human nat
12、ure to shift between self-doubt and blind pried.BIntense competition may contribute to economic progress.CThe revival of the economy depends on international cooperation.DA long history of success may pave the way for further development. 4.The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy
13、 in the 1990s can be attributed to the_ .Aturning of the business cycleBrestructuring of industryCimproved business managementDsuccess in education 参考答案:1.C 2.D 3.B 4.AWhen a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however far
14、fetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right,
15、it can hardly be classed as Literature.This, in brief, is what the Futurist says; for a noise and violence and speed. Consequently, our feelings, thoughts and emotions have undergone a corresponding change. This speeding up of life, says the Futurist, requires a new form of expression. We must speed
16、 up our literature too, if we want to interpret modern stress. We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, of finite verbs. Instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them; we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will.Certainly their descriptions of battles are confuse
