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1、I基于五轴加工中心的螺旋锥齿轮加工刀具轨迹规划研究基于五轴加工中心的螺旋锥齿轮加工刀具轨迹规划研究摘 要螺旋锥齿轮是用来传递交错或相交轴的一类齿轮副，其回转运动的传动比恒定。在传动过程中，此类齿轮比其它齿轮的承载能力加强、重叠系数变大、传动更加平稳。因为该类齿轮具有以上种种优点，所以被广泛应用于汽车、飞机、船舶等工业领域。螺旋锥齿轮已经成为当代机械制造业不可或缺的传动部件。目前主要使用专用铣齿机床来加工螺旋锥齿轮，但是加工大规格及单件小批量Gleason 制螺旋锥齿轮时，由于专用机床结构受被加工齿轮尺寸制约较难实现尺寸规格跨度比较大的齿轮加工，并且专用机床采购成本高不适合单件小批量生产。所以利
2、用专用机床加工大规格及单件小批量 Gleason 制螺旋锥齿轮不是一个很好的选择。为了解决大规格及单件小批量 Gleason 制螺旋锥齿轮的制造工艺问题，本文建立了基于通用刀具的螺旋锥齿轮制造体系；通过对传统加工方法的深入分析，系统研究了通用机床切齿过程中刀位轨迹的规划及刀具位姿的确定方法；根据已建立的齿面数学模型，推导出了齿轮表面加工过程中刀心的空间位置，并对解决刀具干涉和降低齿面粗糙度等一系列问题进行了研究；通过对指状铣刀加工轨迹的数学论证，证明了指状铣刀加工螺旋锥齿轮的可能性；本论文的研究成果不同于盘铣刀铣削螺旋锥齿轮的方法，使加工螺旋锥齿轮的方法有了一个新的角度去实现，而且对于某些特定
3、的应用场合是一种经济、高效和具有快速响应能力的制造方法。关键词：螺旋锥齿轮，数控机床，指状铣刀，轨迹规划关键词：螺旋锥齿轮，数控机床，指状铣刀，轨迹规划IIThe Research on Path Planning of Milling Spiral Bevel Gear by Five-Axis Machining CentersAbstractBevel gears are used for transmitting the rotational motion of crossing or interleaving axes with the constant transmission r
4、atio. Due to its performance,such as the big overlap coefficient，the high carrying capacity，the smooth transmission,spiral bevel gears are widely used in automotive, aircraft, ships and other industrial fields.So spiral bevel gears have become an indispensable transmission parts in modern machinery
5、manufacturing. Currently，spiral bevel gears are mainly finished by the special machine tool. However, processing of large size and small-volume Gleason spiral bevel gear system, the restriction of the machine structure and size make it difficult to processing some big dimension gear pairs. And the h
6、igh cost of purchasing special machine tool is not suitable for processing of large size and small-volume spiral bevel gear. Therefore, using special machine tool to process large size and small-volume Gleason spiral bevel gear system is not a good choice.This paper establish the system of general m
7、achine tool manufacturing spiral bevel gear, in order to solve the problems of manufacturing large size and small-volume spiral bevel gear. In the process of general machine tool cutting tooth, tool path planning and cutter position are determined by analyzing the traditional processing methods. Acc
8、ording to the established mathematical model of the tooth surface, tool center space position has been derived during processing of gear surface. The tool interference and reduce the tooth surface roughness and a series of problems are solved. The possibility of finger-cutter milling spiral bevel ge
9、ars are proved by the mathematical proof of general machine tool processing . The results of this paper is different from the traditional method of milling spiral bevel gears, it make the processing method of spiral bevel gears with a new angle to achieve.And this manufacturing method is an economic
10、,efficient and quick response for some specific applications.Key Words：Spiral Bevel Gear，Numerical Control Machine，The Finger Cutter， Path planningIII目 录摘 要 .IAbstract.II第一章 绪论.11.1 锥齿轮的类型与特点.11.1.1 锥齿轮的类型.11.1.2 锥齿轮的特点.31.2 螺旋锥齿轮的加工现状与发展.31.2.1 国外发展状况.41.2.2 国内发展状况.51.3 课题研究的主要内容.71.3.1 课题的提出.71.3.2 课题的研究内容.81.3.3 课题的意义.81.4 本章小结.9第二章 螺旋锥齿轮的啮合原理与切齿加工.102.1 空间曲面.102.1.1 空间曲面的参数方程.102.1.2 切平面和法矢.102.2 啮合原理.112.2.1 相对微分法.
