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1、 本科毕业论文（设计）本科毕业论文（设计）题 目 关于测定转动惯量的几个实验设计及其分析 学生姓名 苏 金 良 专业名称 物 理 学 指导教师 袁 都 奇 2013 年 4 月 27 日教学单位 物理与信息技术系 学生学号 2 编 号 WL2013WL102 I关于测定转动惯量的几个实验设计及其分析关于测定转动惯量的几个实验设计及其分析摘要：摘要：关于测定转动惯量的实验方案，实验室常用动力法，利用转动定理，通过对刚体转动时所受力矩和角加速度的测量求得待测转动惯量。实验室测刚体转动惯量用到的核心仪器有，带小滑轮的转动惯量仪、自动计数仪。其中转动惯量仪转动系统的转动惯量已知。在实验中，小滑轮的转动
2、惯量和缠绕系统0I转轴并连接砝码的细绳质量是没有单独考虑的。另外，转轴和支架之间、转动系统和空气之间、小滑轮和转轴之间存在一定摩擦。造成实验结果比真实值偏大的主要因素有两个方面，一是小滑轮的转动惯量和绳的质量不计入实验，二是由于系统摩擦造成系统角加速度没有考虑。只要我们设法测量这两个影响1实验结果的因素，把它们计入实验，就能很大程度减小实验误差。我们也可以用振动法测刚体转动惯量。三线摆法属于振动法测质量均匀、形状规则物体定轴转动惯量的一种简单易行方法，缺点是实验简单粗糙，误差较大。它是利用三线摆下盘做角谐振动机械能守恒原理，导出角谐振动盘转动惯量表达式，在加上待测物体时，让盘和物体在三线摆下做
3、角谐振动并测量相关参数值，方可求得待测转动惯量值。关键词：关键词：定轴转动；转动惯量；转动动能；实验误差；误差分析IISome designs and analysis of the experiments to measure the moment of inertiaAbstract : Experiment scheme about measuring moment of inertia, the laboratory commonly used dynamic method, using the rotation theorem, based on the rigid body rot
4、ation when the measurement of torque and angular acceleration is obtained for measuring moment of inertia. Laboratory core instrument used to measure moment of inertia of rigid body, with small pulley of the moment of inertia instrument, automatic counting device. The moment of inertia instrument th
5、e rotational inertia of the rotating system is known. In the experiments, the rotational inertia of the small 0Ipulley and rotor winding system and connection weights of cord quality is not considered separately. In addition, the shaft and support between, between rotation system and air, there is f
6、riction between small pulley and shaft. Experiment result is larger than real value of the main factors have two aspects, one is the rotational inertia of the small pulleys and ropes are not included in the quality of the experiment, the second is system due to system friction Angle acceleration doe
7、s not take into 1account. As long as we try to measure the two factors that influence the experiment result them included in the experiment, can greatly reduce the experiment error. In view of the laboratory commonly used dynamic method, we can also be used to measure moment of inertia of rigid body
8、 vibration. Three wire pendulum method belongs to the vibration method to measure the quality and rules object shape moment of inertia of axis of a simple method, the disadvantage is that the experiment simple rough, the error is bigger. It is the use of three wire pendulum Angle of footwall do harm
9、onic oscillation principle of conservation of mechanical energy, angular harmonic oscillation derived expression of disc inertia, plus when the object under test, make plate and object under three wire pendulum Angle of periodic vibration and measuring the related parameter values, values shall be o
10、btained for measuring moment of inertia.IIIKey words : rotational of constant axis ; rotational inertia ; rotational kinetic energy ; experiment error ; error analsis目目 录录一正文：一正文： 1 1 实验理论基础实验理论基础.1 1.1刚体对一定转轴的转动惯量.1 1.2刚体定轴转动的转动定理.2 1.3刚体定轴转动的动能定理.2 2 2 实验室刚体转动惯量的测量方案实验室刚体转动惯量的测量方案.3 2.1实验分析.3 2.2实验器材.3 2.2.1 转动惯量测试仪.3 2.2.2 自动计数仪.3 2.3设计思路.4 3 3 实验室刚体转动惯量测量方案误差分析实验室刚体转动惯量测量方案误差分析.5 3.1实验误差分析.5 3.1.1 由于滑轮和绳造成的实验误差.5 3.1.2 由于系统摩擦造成的实验误差.5 3.2实验改进方法分析.6 4 4 改进后的实验方案改进后的实验方案.7 4.1实验器材.7 4.2设计思路.7 4.3改进后实验误差减小的验证方法.
