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1、I毕业设计水塔智能水位控制系统设计摘 要水塔水位的控制系统是我国供水系统较为常用的，水塔供水的主要问题是塔内水位应该始终保持在一定的范围内，避免“空塔” 、 “溢塔”现象发生。传统的控制方式存在控制精度低、能耗大的缺点，而智能控制系统的成本低，安装方便，灵敏性好，是节约水源，方便生活的水塔水位控制的理想装置。本设计介绍的是一种由 AT89C51 单片机为主控元件的电压传感器的水塔水位测量系统。压力传感器一般由弹性敏感元件和位移敏感元件组成。弹性敏感元件的作用是使被测压力作用于某个面积上并转换为位移或应变，然后由位移敏感元件或应变计转换为与压力成一定关系的电信号。测量时首先由安装在塔底的压力传感
2、器感应被测水位高度并将其转换成电信号，经过信号调理电路进行滤波、放大，输出相应的直流电压信号，然后输入到串行的 A/D 转换器中进行模-数转换，模-数转换以后得到的数字信号直接送入单片机，经过单片机分析处理后根据相应的结果通过继电器对水泵电机进行控制，从而进行对水位的控制，于此同时将测量结果显示出来。关键词:单片机;压力传感器;水位控制IIWater towers intelligent water level control system designAbstractWater towers water level control system is relatively commonly
3、used in the Chinese water supply system; the main problem of the water towers water supply is the water level in the water tower should always remain within a certain range, to avoid the “empty tower”, “overflow” tower phenomenon. Traditional control mode exist the shortcoming of control precision l
4、ow, energy consumption big, and the cost of intelligent control system is low, easy installation, and good sensitivity, it is the ideal device to save water, to facilitate the life of the water towers water level control.This design introduces is AT89C51 microcontroller as a master component of the
5、voltage sensor of the water towers water level measurement system. The pressure sensor is generally composed by the elastic sensing element and displacement sensitive components. The role of the elastic sensing element is to make tested pressure in a certain area and converted to displacement or str
6、ain, then the displacement sensitive components or strain gauge is converted to a certain relationship with the pressure of the electrical signals. First the pressure sensor installed in the bottom of the sensor measured the height of water level measurements and converted into electrical signals, a
7、fter the signal conditioning circuit filtering，amplification, output DC voltage signal, the enter the serial A/D converter for analog-digital conversion, after analog-digital conversion, the digital IIIsignal directly into the microcontroller, after microprocessor analysis processing according to th
8、e results through a relay to control the pump motor, thus control of water level, at the same time the measurement results are displayed.Key words: SCM; pressure sensor; water level controlIV目 录摘 要 .IAbstract .II第 1 章 绪论 .11.1 水塔水位的产生背景 .11.2 水塔水位的研究现状 .11.3 单片机的发展趋势及应用 .31.4 设计中水泵的工作方式 .31.5 本次设计的内
9、容 .4第 2 章 方案论证 .52.1 采样模块.62.1.1 继电器开关式 .62.1.2 压力传感器 .72.2 模数转换.72.2.1 AD 转换器的分类.72.2.2 串并行 AD 转换器的选取 .72.2.3 AD 转换器芯片型号的选取.82.3 控制模块.82.3.1 继电器的介绍 .82.3 显示模块.10V2.3.1 LED 显示器.102.3.2 LCD 显示器.10第 3 章 硬件方案设计 .123.1 单片机 AT89C51 .123.1.1 主要特性 .133.1.2 管脚说明 .143.2 压力传感器.183.2.1 技术参数 .183.2.2 特点 .193.2.3 工作原理与电路图 .203.3 A/D 转换器 TLC0834.203.3.1 TLC0834 主要特点.203.3.2 工作特点 .213.3.3 引脚功能 .223.4 LCD 显示器 .233.4.1 1602 显示器主要技术参数.243.4.2 1602LCD 特性.243.4.3 引脚功能.243.5 继电器输出.253.6 报警.263.7 电子狗及复位.273.7.1 X25045 引脚图.27VI3.7.2 复位电路.283.7.3 单片机与电子狗、复位电路图 .
