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1、 摘 要无线传感器网络（WSN，Wireless Sensor Network）是近年来迅速发展并受到普遍重视的新型网络技术，它的出现和发展给人类的生活和生产的各个领域带来了深远的影响。无线传感器网络节点定位技术是无线传感器网络应用研究的基础。目前，已有多种定位技术被应用于室内定位中，尤其是基于接收信号强度（RSSI，Received Signal Strength Indication）的定位技术以其低功耗、低成本、易于实现等优点，得到了无线传感器网络研究学者们的青睐。本文重点研究了基于 RSSI 的室内定位的关键技术，主要包括定位模型分析和定位算法设计。首先，为了获得较为精确的定位，根据
2、RSSI 测距原理和无线信号传播衰减模型在设定的室内环境进行多次实验，通过计算及均值处理等方法反复调整以获得标准的定位模型参数，得到高精度的等效距离。接着，根据三边定位算法原理简化定位算法，建立更为简单的定位模型，采用双边定位得到两个可能的定位点，再利用 RSSI 测距原理对两个定位点进行择优选择确定定位点。最后，在 Arduino 开发平台上对参考节点与未知节点这两类iDuino 节点的室内定位模型进行了软件开发设计和程序开发。在设定的室内环境部署 iDuino 节点，搭建实验定位模型，并实现了定位。关键词：无线传感器网络，节点，室内定位，RSSI，ArduinoABSTRACTWirele
3、ss sensor network (WSN) is developed rapidly and universally emphasized as a new network technology in recent years, the advent and development of WSN have had a profound and lasting impact on the life and all areas of production of human beings. Wireless nodes localization technology is the basis i
4、n the application and studies of wireless sensor network. There are a variety of positioning technology have been used in indoor location at present, especially the based on RSSI (received signal strength) positioning technology gets a great preference from many scholars of studies of wireless senso
5、r network with the advantages of low power consumption, low cost and easy to realize. This paper mainly studies the key technology of indoor positioning based on RSSI, which mainly includes the positioning model analysis and positioning algorithm design. First, in order to obtain more accurate posit
6、ioning, we perform several experiments according to the RSSI ranging principle and wireless signal propagation attenuation model in the setting of indoor environment, and get accurate positioning model parameters and equivalent distance by the methods of calculation and mean processing. Then, we sim
7、plify Trilateral Localization Algorithm to Bilateral Location Algorithm and establish a simpler positioning model, with which we can get two nodes of possible location, and determine the better node according to the RSSI ranging principle. At last, we make software designing and programming of these
8、 nodes that are anchor nodes and nodes of unknown on the Arduino development platform. Combined with the indoor environment we selected, we deploy the iDuino nodes and then build location model, with which we implement the location.KEY WORDS：Wireless Sensor Network，Nodes，Indoor Location，RSSI，Arduino
9、目 录第一章第一章 绪论绪论.11.1 选题目的与意义.11.2 研究背景.21.2.1 国内外研究状况.21.2.2 室内定位技术.31.2.3 无线传感器网络操作系统.61.3 论文章节安排.7第第二二章章 无无线线传传感感器器网网络络定定位位技技术术.82.1 无线传感器网络结构.82.1.1 无线传感器网络体系结构.82.1.2 无线传感器节点结构.92.1.3 无线传感器网络的协议栈.102.2 无线传感器网络的定位机制.112.2.1 基于测距的定位技术.112.2.2 与距离无关的定位技术.132.3 常用的室内节点定位算法.132.3.1 三边测量法.132.3.2 三角测量法.142.3.3 极大似然估计算法.152.3.4 DV-Hop 定位算法.162.3.5 APIT 定位算法.162.3.6 加权质心算法.172.4 定位系统和算法的性能评价标准.18第三章第三章 基于基于 RSSI 的室内定位模型分析及算法设计的室内定位模型分析及算法设计 .183.1 RSSI 测距原理.183.1.1 无线信号传播损耗模型.
