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1、绪论绪论Strengthening basic researches on Chinese Medicinal Plants and its relations to realizing the modernization of CMM 加强中国药用植物基础研究及其与中药现代化的关系Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) 中药health care 卫生健康Chinese traditional medicinal herbs 中草药inciting side-effects 明显的副作用go back to the nature 回归自然 the moderni
2、zation of Chinese Materia Medica (CMM) 中药现代化 Surveys 调查special projects 专项调查scientific identification 科学鉴定chemical constituents 化学成分pharmacological experiments 药理实验clinical applications 临床适应性monographs 各论、专论manuals 手册Pharmacopoeia 药典therapeutical efficacy 疗效黄花蒿( Artemisia annua)，青蒿( Artemisia apiace
3、a) chloroquine resistant malaria/抗氯喹宁疟疾Pernicious（有害的） malaria/恶性疟疾cerebral （大脑的,脑的） malaria/脑疟疾derivatives/衍生物quinine/喹宁harringtonine 三尖杉酯碱homoharringtonine 高三尖杉酯碱extracted from 提取leukemia 白血病malignant lymphoma 恶性淋巴瘤ginkgetin 银杏黄酮criteria 标准 revise 修正，校订systematic studies 系统研究revising 修订common-used
4、 Chinese materia medica 常用中药材品种整理和质量研究impact n.冲击，碰撞era 时代public health care 公共健康事业traditional Chinese patent medicines and preparations 中成药和中药制剂basic researches 基础研究production 生产marketing 流通 research 研究Identification of species / 品种鉴定identifying 鉴别clarifying 澄清，阐明confused varieties 易混淆的变种false matt
5、ers 伪品益胃生津，滋阴清热 benefit the stomach, promote the production of body fluid and remove the excessive heatQuality control and evaluation/质量的控制和评价intensive 加强的，透彻的contents =components, constituentswith great care :小心翼翼地habitat：产地qualitative and quantitative analysis 定性定量分析The methods of research 研究方法bio
6、technology 生物技术molecular biology 分子生物学remedy: n. 药物，治疗法，赔偿，v.补救，矫正modern scientific methodologies 现代科学方法Strengthen the study of medicinal plant resources 加强药用植物基源研究exploring new resources 开发新的资源re-producting resources 可持续性利用资源conservation of germplasm of the rare and endangered medicinal plants 珍稀濒危
7、药用植物的种质资源保护Carry out the researches on specific biology of medicinal plantsspecific adj. 种的，明确的，特殊的，具有特效的 n. 特效药，详情，特性 Map out GAP (Good Agriculturing Practice) in medicinal cultivationmap out 规划seed quality standards 种子的质量标准processing rules and regulations 加工方法及规范Established standards of quality co
8、ntrol and renew methodologycriteria 标准protocol 草案foreign matter 杂质Apply modern comprehensive multidisciplinary studies on Chinese medicinal plantscomprehensive：综合的，广泛的multidisciplinary：多学科Establish information systems in modern research of Chinese medicinal herbsEthnobotany 人类植物学Ethnopharmacology 民族
9、药理学Ethno- 民族，种族semi-colonial and semi-feudal nation/半殖民半封建的国家constraint and devastation/ 压迫与毁坏the inheritance and development of Chinese troditional medicine /继承和发扬many difficult and complicated diseases 疑难杂症TERMINOLOGY 部分要求的词汇部分要求的词汇 中药 Traditional Chinese Medicines 中药材 Chinese Materia Medica (CMM)
10、 Traditional Chinese Medicinal MaterialsChinese Crude Drugs 中草药 Traditional Chinese Medicinal Herbs Chinese Herbal Medicines 药用植物学 Medicinal Plants 民间药物 Folklore Medicaments Folk Herbs Indigenous Drugs 中成药 Traditional Chinese Patent Medicines 中药制剂 Chinese Medicinal Preparations 药用植物学 Pharmaceutical
11、Botany 生药学 Pharmacognosy 药用植物分类学 Pharmaceutical Plant Taxonomy 植物化学 Phytochemistry 植物化学分类学 Plant Chemotaxonomy 药用植物志 Flora of Medicinal Plants 中药药剂学 Traditional Chinese Pharmaceutics 中药炮制学 Science of Processing Chinese Crude Drugs 显微生药学 Microscopical Pharmacognosy 本草学 herbals 药典 pharmacopoeia 细胞 cel
12、l 细胞壁 cell wall 初生壁 primary wall 次生壁 secondary wall 细胞核 nucleus 质体 plastid 叶绿体 chloroplast 染色体 chromoplast 纹孔 pit 结晶体 crystal 淀粉粒 starch granule （grain） 脐点 hilum(pi.hila) 层纹 striation 单粒 single starch granule 复粒 compound starch granule 半复粒 semi- compound starch granule 蛋白质 protein 脂类化合物 lipid 挥发油 vo
13、latile oil 苷 glycoside生物碱 alkaloid 皂苷 saponin 萜 terpene 三萜皂苷 triterpenoid 黄铜 flavonoid 蒽醌 anthraquinone 酚 phenol 香豆素 coumarin 鞣质 rannin 氨基酸 amino acid 菊糖 inulin 草酸钙结晶 calcium cxalate crystal 簇晶 clusrer crystal (cluster,druse) 针晶 acicular crystal (needle) Parenchyma 薄壁组织 Parenchymatous cell 包庇细胞 Epid
14、ermal tissue 表皮组织 Epidermis 表皮 Cuticle 角质层 stoma(pl.stomata) 气孔 guard cell 保卫细胞 subsidiary cell 副卫细胞 非腺毛 non-glandular hair 腺毛 glandular hair 腺鳞 glandular scale 周皮 periderm 木栓层 cork 木栓形成层 cork cambium (phellogen) 栓内层 phelloderm 皮层 cortex 皮孔 lenticel 形成层 cambium 次生木质部 secondary xylem 次生韧皮部 secondary
15、phloem 分泌组织 secretory tissue 树脂道 resin canal 厚角组织 collenchyma 纤维 fibre (fiber) 韧皮纤维 phloem fibre 木纤维 xylem fibre 晶鞘纤维 crystal fibre 层纹 striation 木化 lignified 增厚 thickening 增厚细胞壁 thickened wall 导管 vessel 网纹导管 reticulated vessel 具缘纹孔导管 bordered pitted vessel 筛管 sieve tube 维管束 vascular bundle 外韧维管束 col
16、lateral bundle 异性维管束 abnormal vascular bundle 形成层成环 cambium ring 主根 main (tap )root 定根 normal root 须根 fibrous root 不定根 adventitious root 细根 rootler 初生构造 primary structure 次生构造 secondary structure 皮层 cortex 中柱鞘 pericycle 初生木质部 primary xylem 髓部 pith 射线 ray 木栓层 cork 植物 phyta 科 aceae丹参丹参Pubescent 软毛Stem 4-angled 茎 4 棱Angled 棱 Leaves opposite 叶对生Verticillate 轮生pseudo- 假的 Racem
