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1、一、了解只能用一、了解只能用 that 引导限制性定语从句的几种情况。引导限制性定语从句的几种情况。1. 当先行词是不定代词或被它们所修饰时：all, much, little, something, everything, nothing, anything, none, no（thing）the one 等。1)You should hand in all that you have.2)All the books_will be sent to the hope school are ready now. 2. 当先行词前面被 the only, the very, any, few,
2、little, no 等词修饰时。The only thing that we can do is to give you some money. 我唯一能做的事就是给你一些钱。 3. 当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词前面有形容词最高级修饰时。This is the most interesting film that Ive ever seen. 4. 当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时。This train is the last that will go to Shanghai. 5. 当先行词既是人又是物时。 Do you know the thing and persons tha
3、t they are talking about? 6. 当主句的主语是疑问词 who 或 which 时。 Who is the boy that won the gold medal? 7. 有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用了 which，另外一个宜用 that。They built up a small factory, which produced things that could cause pollution.他们建起了一个小工厂，生产能产生污染的东西。 8. 当先行词在主句中作表语时，而关系词也在句中作表语时。Jack is no longer the lazy boy
4、that he used to be. 二、下列情况只能用二、下列情况只能用 which 引导。引导。 1. 引导非限定性定语从句时 we often hear people complain that it is expensive to buy houses, which is really true. 2. 关系词前面有介词时，如：He was educated in the local high school, after which he went on to Beijing University. 3. 先行词为 that 时，如：I dont take that which is
5、 too expensive. 三、下列情况只能用三、下列情况只能用 who(不用不用 that)引导定语从句。引导定语从句。 1. 引导非限定性定语从句时 On the way there, he met Mary, who told him the secret. 2. 当定语从句的先行词（指人）被介词短语隔开时 Do you know the man under the tree who is talking to the headmaster? 3. 当定语从句的先行词是 those 或 people 时 Those who are against the plan put up yo
6、ur hands, please. 四、四、Where 引导的定语从句，引导的定语从句，其先行词往往是表示地点的名词。如：place，room，spot，house 等，在从作地点状语。但近几年的高考试题中对于 where 的考查趋于复杂；从先行词为明显的 “地点”转为“地点的模糊化” 。事实上，对于 where 这个词我们不能只理解为表地点。当先行词是 case（情（情 况）况）point 阶段，程度；阶段，程度；stage（阶段）（阶段） ，scene（情景）（情景） ，situation（情况）（情况）,bossiness 等词后，常用 where 这个关 系副词。如： 1) I can
7、 think of many cases where students obviously knew a lot of e-words but couldnt write a good essay. 2) The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point where he can walk safely. 3、在确定从句中关系词时，一定要看关系词在从句中担当什么成分，如果在从句中担当主语、表 语、宾语或定语，就要选用关系代词来连接从句，如果从句中担当状语，就要选用关系副词来连 接从句。试比较：1) I still r
8、emember the date that/ which I first spent in this school.(从句中担当宾语) I still remember the date when I first came to this school. (从句中担当时间状语) 2) That is the school that/which I visited last year. (从句中担当宾语) That is the school where I visited my the teacher last year. (从句中担当地点状语) 4、先行词是 time 时，若 time 作“
9、词数”讲时，应用关系代词 that 引导定语从句，若 time 作“一 段时间”讲时，应用关系副词 when/at(during)+ which 引导定语从句. 1.This is the second time that the President has visited this country. 2. That was at a time when/during which there were no telephones. 五、定语从句中的主谓一致五、定语从句中的主谓一致 1. 如果关系代词 that, who, which 在定语从句中作主语，从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一 致。如
10、：Mr. Wang, who is now downstairs, is asking to see you. 王先生要见你，他现在正在楼下。 Mr. Wangs, who are now downstairs, are asking to see you. 2. 在 “one of +复数名词 + 定语从句”结构中，定语从句在的谓语动词的数与复数名词一致， 用复数形式，但在 “the (only) one of/very one of +复数名词 + 定语从句”结构中，定语从句在的谓 语动词通常用单数形式。如： He is one of the boys who were late for
11、class. 他是上课迟到的男孩之一。 （先行词是 the boys） He is the one of the boys who was late for class.他是那些男孩中上课迟到的那个。 （先行词是 the one ）六、把握六、把握“介词介词 + 关系代词关系代词”结构中介词的选用结构中介词的选用 1、来自从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯，如：on which I spent 25 Yuan. (spend-on)for which I paid 25 Yuan. (payfor-) This is the book from which I learnt a lot. (learn
12、from-)about which Tom often talks. (Talk about-)in which there are few new words. there are - in + 地点 2、来自主句中的先行词搭配习惯，如：the day on which I joined the league. (on that day) I remember the days during which I lived here. (during those days)the month in which I stayed there. (in that month) 3、 来自从句中形容词
13、的搭配习惯，如： 1）Mr. Zhang received the Nobel Prize for physics last year, of whom we are proud. (be proud of-) 有时介词的选择要根据所要表达的意思而定，如：2）This is the man with whom I talked just now. (talk with-与某人谈话) 3）This is the man about whom I talked just now. (talk about- 谈论某人) 注意：如介词放在从句末尾，此时关系代词可用 that，which，who，who
14、m, 也可以省略。但介 词位于定语从句句首时,只能用关系代词 which。在口语中，有时为表达清楚；还可以在关系副词 where/when 前加介词 from/to 等。如：to whom youll write. 1. The person whom/that youll write to is Mr. Ball.Youll write to 2. China is the birth place of kites, from where kite flying spread to Japan, Korea Thailand and India. . 当关系代词作 look after, l
15、ook for, take care of, see to get down to, look forward to, be/get used to, pay attention to, set about, 等不能拆开使用的短语动词的宾语时，介词不可提前,关系代词只能用 which 或 that。 This is the book which/that Im looking for. 这就是我在找的那本书。 . 如“介词+which”表示时间、地点或原因时，该结构可以分别用关系副词 when，where 和 why 替换，如：1. Ill never forget the day on wh
16、ich (=when) I joined the Party. 2. This is the room in which (=where) I live. 3. The reason for which（=why）she was late for the meeting is very clear. 1、关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时，介词可提至关系代词前，构成“介词 + which/whom 从句” 结构（which 指物，whom 指人） 。关系代词不能省略。如： 1. This is the man with whom I talked just now. 这就是我刚才与他谈话的那个人。 2. This is the book about which Tom often talks 这就是 Tom 常常谈论的那本书。 但当介词位于定语从句的末尾时,可用关系代词 that/which（指物） ，that/who/whom（指人）作介 词
