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1、高中语法- 1 -定语从句定语从句引导定语从句的词关系代词：that which who whom whose as关系副词：where when why 关系代词关系代词 1）功能：引导一个定语从句，把它和主句连接起来，形成主从关系；替代前面的先行词，有当其在从句中作宾语作宾语是可以省略； 在定语从句中充当适当的句子成分充当适当的句子成分。限制性和非限制性定语从句只用于限制性定从指人指物指人和物主语whowhichthat 宾语whomwhichthat 属格whose/of whichwhose/of which 1.(05 北京)Do you still remember the chi
2、cken farm_we visited three months ago?A.whereB.whenC.thatD.what 2.(06 福建)Look out!Dont get too close to the house_roof is under repair.A.whoseB.whichC.of whichD.that 2)2)关系代词只能用关系代词只能用 thatthat a.先行词是形容词最高级或者被形容词的最高级修饰时。eg.This is the most interesting film that Ive ever seen. b.当先行词是序数词或者被序数词修饰时。eg.
3、What is the first foreign film that you have ever seen? c.当先行词是不定代词，如：all,any,some,much,little,few,everything,nothing,something,anything,none,the one 等词时。eg.Do you have anything that you dont understand? d.先行词被 the very（正好）,the only,the last,any,few,little,just,next,no,all 等 词修饰时。eg.The only thing t
4、hat we can do is to help you out. e.先行词既有表示人的词又有表示物的词。eg.Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? f.当主句的主语是疑问词 who 或者 which 时。eg.Who is the man that is standing by the tree? g.有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词用 which，而另一个则用 that。eg.They went to a shop which sells womens clothes that satisfied
5、 them. h.当先行词在主句中作 be 的表语,或关系代词本身作从句的表语时。eg.Wuhan is no longer the city that it used to be. i.关系副词 why 在 the reason why 结构中可以被 that 取代，that 亦可省略。(这时 that 是关系副词)eg.That is the reason (that) he came. j. 以 the way 为先行词的限制性定语从句通常用 in which 或 that 引导，也可以省略。eg.This is the way (that/which) he did that.高中语法
6、- 2 -3 3）关系代词只能用）关系代词只能用 whichwhich a.介词后指物。eg.This is the school in which I used to study. 但要注意的是，在一些固定短语中，不能把介词置于关系代词之前。eg.The boy who I am looking after is my son.(不能说 The boy after whom I am looking after is my son.) b.非限制性定语从句中指物。 3.(08 全国)The road conditions there turned out to be very good,_w
7、as more than we could expect. A.itB.whatC.whichD.that c.which 可指代整个句子，而 that 不能。 4)4)关系代词关系代词 asas 和和 whichwhich 的使用区别的使用区别 a.位置不同。as 引导的定语从句可位于句首，也可以插在主句中，位于主句后，而 which 不能位于主句前。eg.As you know,Taiwan is an inseparable part of China.Taiwan,as you know,is an inseparable part of China.Taiwan is an inse
8、parable part of China,as you know.Taiwan is an inseparable part of China,which we all know. b.意义不同。as（正如，就像）表示符合人们的认识和事物的习惯性等意义，即从句与主 句语义一致。当从句与主句语义不一致时或从句与主句之间是因果关系时用 which。eg.They remarried,as we had expected.They remarried,which we hadnt expected. As often happens,they won the match again. It rai
9、ned heavily,which prevented us going out. c.结构不同。as 可用于类似插入语的句式中，而 which 则不能。如，as anybody can see,as we all know,as we had expected,as is well know,as has been said before,as often happens,as it is,as is natural,as is the case 等。which 常用语 which + 谓语 +宾语（宾补）结构。 d.当先行词被 the same,so,as,such 等词修饰时，多用 as
10、 引导。 5 5）关系代词）关系代词 whowho 和和 thatthat 的使用区别的使用区别 关系代词 who 与 that 都可指代人而且在从句中都既能作主语也能作宾语，但在下面几种情 况下，只能用 who 作关系代词： a. 先行词是特定的人或指人的 those,one(s),people。 4.（06 北京）Women_drink more than 2 cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those_dont. A.who;/B./;whoC.who;whoD./;/ b.主
11、句是 there be 结构且先行词指人。 5.（05 北京）-Why does she always ask you for help?-There is no one else_,is there? A.who to turn toB.she can turn toC.for whom to turn D.for her to turn c.先行词是 I,you,he,they 等（常用在谚语中） 。 d.先行词是人，后面有较长的修饰语。eg.I met a friend of mine in the park yesterday who had got the gold medals i
12、n the race.高中语法- 3 -6)6)关系代词关系代词 whosewhose 的使用的使用 whose 既可以指人又可以指物，是所有格形式。指物时可以与 of which 结构互换，但要注 意它与名词的位置关系。 介词介词 + + 关系代词和关系副词关系代词和关系副词 1 1） 介词的选择介词的选择 引导定语从句时，that 和主格 who 不能用于介词之后，能用于介词 + 关系代词引导定语 从句的代词只有 which 和 whom，其中介词的选择依据下面四点： a. 介词与定语从句的先行词是一种习惯性的搭配。 6.(06 陕西)She was educated at Beijing
13、 University,_she went on to have her advanced study abroad. A.after thatB.from whichC.from thatD.after which 7.（05 天津）Last month,part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods,from_effects the people are still suffering. A.thatB.whoseC.thoseD.what b.介词与从句中的动词是动词短语搭配。eg.The man to whom I turned for help
14、 is a lawyer. c.介词与定语从句中的形容词一起构成固定搭配。eg.Ours is beautiful country,of which we are greatly proud. d.表示“所有格”或者“整体与部分的关系”时，用介词 of。 8.(08 湖南)The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors,_are beyond our control. A.most of themB.most of whichC.most of whatD.most of that 当引导词在定语从句中作介词宾
15、语时，介词可以提前放在 which（指事物，不能用 that） 或者 whom(指人，不能用 who)之前，也可以放于原来的位置。但在含有介词的动词固定词 组中，介词只能放于原来的位置。eg.This is the room which/that he used to live in.This is the room in which he used to live.The man who/whom/that I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing.The man about whom I talked at the meeting is f
16、rom Beijing. 但在下面一句中介词 for 不能提前，因为 look for 是短语动词。eg.This is the book which/that you are looking for. 2)2)关系代词和关系副词的使用区别关系代词和关系副词的使用区别 关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语，而关系副词在定语从句中作状语，关系副词 when = 表示时间的介词（in,on,at,during 等）+ which,where = 表示地点的介词 （in,at,on,under 等） + which,why = 表示原因的介词 for + which,how = 表示方式的 介词 in + which,先行名词在定语从句中表方式时，常用 in which,而不用 how。因此在选 择关系词时最重要的是分析一下定语从句中的成分，如果从句中缺少主、宾、表语或定语， 就用关系代词，如果从句中缺少状语，就用关系副词。 试比较下面两个句子：a. Do you still remember the days that/w
