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1、http:/ http:/ 道成型促进安全生道成型促进安全生大同煤矿集团忻州窑矿东二盘区 14-3#层皮带巷设计总长度 1660m，布置在 14-3#煤层中，沿煤层顶板掘进。顶板伪顶厚 00.20m，直接顶为灰黑色粉细 砂岩互层厚度 1.256.89m，以粉细砂岩为主。煤层厚度（最小最大平均） 3.859.325.0m，煤层倾角（最小最大平均）132；煤层硬度 f=46。煤质疏散，采用光面爆破技术，充分发挥煤层的自稳和自身承载能力， 对该巷道掘进顶板安全管理尤其重要。Datong Coal Mine Group Xinzhouyao mine east two disc 14-3# layer
2、 belt roadway design a total length of 1660m, arranged in 14-3# coal seam, along the roof of coal seam tunnelling. The roof of false roof thickness 0 0.20m, immediate roof gray-black silty sandstone interbed thickness 1.256.89m, mainly fine sandstone. The thickness of coal seam (minimum to maximum /
3、 average) 3.859.32 / 5.0m, dip angle of coal seam (minimum to maximum / average) 1 3 and 2 seam hardness f=46. Coal evacuation, the smooth blasting technology, give full play to stability and bearing capacity of coal, is especially important for safety management of roof of the tunnel excavation.2 光
4、面爆破技术措施2 smooth blasting technology measures搞好光面爆破，重点在于根据不同的煤层硬度，合理布置边眼，严格控制 边眼爆破参数。Do a good job of smooth blasting, emphasis according to different coal seam hardness, reasonable arrangement of side eye, strictly control the side hole blasting parameters.2.1 周边眼布置原则Principle 2.1 periphery hole arr
5、angement（1）周边眼应对称均匀布置，以保证爆破后的巷道断面成型规整。(1) around the eyes should be symmetrical arrangement, to ensure that the roadway forming regularity after blasting.（2）帮眼应落在与辅助眼同一深度的竖直平面上。(2) to help the eye should fall in the vertical plane and the supplementary eye at the same depth.http:/ http:/ 150200，其深度一
6、般与掏槽眼相同。(3) at the end of eye eye port should be higher than the roadway floor elevation of 150200, the depth of the general and cuthole same.煤巷掘进采用光面爆破时，周边眼应适当离开顶帮一段距离。实践表明， 离顶帮的距离，硬煤一般为 100150，中硬煤为 150200；软煤为 200350 时效果较好。为了保持顶板稳定，顶板眼口应距离顶板 300500，眼底距顶板 150200。The coal roadway driving with smooth
7、blasting, the surrounding the eye should be appropriate to leave the top for a distance. Practice shows that, from the top to help distance is 100150, hard, medium-hard coal 150200 coal is 200350 good effect. In order to keep the stability of roof, the roof and roof eye distance 300500, fundus pitch
8、 roof 150200.2.2 光爆技术措施2.2 smooth blasting technology measures巷道采用光面爆破时，应根据不同的煤硬度条件，严格控制周边眼的爆破 参数。在技术上应采取以下措施。Tunnel by blasting, should be based on different coal hardness condition, strict control of the blasting parameters around the eye. In the technology should take the following measures.2.2.1
9、 合理确定周边距和最小抵抗线2.2.1 reasonably determine the peripheral distance and minimum resistance line光爆巷道煤帮的平整度与周边眼距 E 和周边眼最小抵抗线 W 的比值 M（周边眼密集系数）有关。经验表明，一般条件下，M=E/W=0.80.1 时，能 获得良好的光爆效果。煤巷掘进光爆帮眼间距与最小抵抗线的比值一般采用 1.11.3，但在施工中应结合具体情况调整，得出合理数据。The ratio M and smoothness and the surrounding roadway of coal to help
10、 spur E and around the eye the minimum resistance line W (peripheral hole density coefficient) about. Experience has shown that, under normal conditions, M=E/W=0.80.1, can obtain the good blasting effect. The coal lane tunneling blasting ratio for the eye spacing and the minimum resistance line gene
11、rally use the 1.11.3, but in the construction should be combined with the specific circumstances of adjustment, the reasonable data.经验认为边眼的合理间距一般是 350550。在实际应用中，应根据具体情 况适当调整。Experience that reasonable distance between the eyes is generally 350550. In practical application, should be adjusted accordi
12、ng to the specific situation.根据选定的周边眼间距 E 和密集系数 M，即可求出周边眼的最小抵抗线 W，然后按周边眼间距 E、周边眼抵抗线 W 布置炮眼。According to the periphery hole spacing of E selected and compression coefficient M, we can calculate the minimum resistance line W around the eyes, then spacing according to surrounding E eyes, peripheral hol
13、e resistance line W hole arrangement.2.2.2 合理选择炸药Reasonable selection of explosive 2.2.2用于光爆的炸药应当是爆速低、密度较小、感度较高、爆轰稳定的低威力 炸药。在目前情况下，通常采用矿用普通?35 的乳化炸药。For smooth blasting explosives should be low explosive detonation speed is low, low density, high sensitivity, detonation stability. In the present cir
14、cumstances, usually by ordinary emulsion explosive 35 mine?.2.2.3 合理确定周边眼装药量2.2.3 to determine a reasonable charge around the eye为避免巷道煤壁被产生的炮震超挖，必须严格控制周边眼的装药量。周边 眼装药量，应根据煤层赋存条件而定。当眼深不超过 2m，使用矿用乳化炸药 量：软煤取 100150g/m, 中硬煤取 150200g/m，硬煤取 200300g/m。In order to avoid the blasting coal roadway wall is the
15、overbreak, must strictly control the charge around the eye. Periphery hole charge, should be based on coal seam conditions. When the eye depth of less than 2m, the use of emulsion explosive 100150g/m: soft coal, hard coal in 150200g/m, 200300g/m.2.2.4 合理选择装药结构2.2.4 reasonable charge structure选择合理的装药结构为的是使药卷能量均匀的分布在边眼内，并缓冲炸药 爆炸对煤壁的破坏作用。使用普通直径炸药，眼深2m 时，可采用单段空气 柱装药结构。http:/ http:/ the reasonable charge structure in order to make the medicine distribution uniform energy at the edge of the eye,
