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1、 毕毕业业设设计计说说明明书书交流电智能测试系统的设计交流电智能测试系统的设计专业专业自动化学生姓名学生姓名 班级班级B 自动化 082学号学号 指导教师指导教师 完成日期完成日期2012 年 5 月 26 日盐城工学院本科生毕业设计说明书( 2012)交流电智能测试系统的设计交流电智能测试系统的设计摘要：传统的工频交流电测试仪为模拟指针式仪表，测量精度低、功能单一。该 设计是研究一种基于单片机的交流电智能测试仪，它能够准确地测量供电线路、 发动机、电动机等的电压，电流和有功功率。而这次设计的硬件部分主要由采样 电路、A/D 转换电路、主电路和 LED 显示电路组成。设计中采用交流采样法对 2
2、20V 的交流电进行采样，交流采样法是按一定规律对信号的瞬时值进行采样，再 用一定的数值算法求得被测量的值。交流采样法主要取决于两个因素：测量精度 和测量速度。采用交流采样法减少了非线性环节，降低了硬件成本，提高了采样 精度，并可同进测量多种电力参数，所有结果可用 LED 显示。而 A/D 转换器选择 12 位的 AD574，其具有外接元件少，功耗低，精度高等特点。该设计选用 AT89S52 系列的单片机作为主机，通过采样保持电路采集电压和电流信号，将模 拟信号送到 A/D 转换器转换成数字信号，再将这些数字信号送入单片机，单片机 进行数据处理，最后通过 LED 数码管显示出被测的电压，电流和
3、有功功率值。而 模拟部分和数字部分可以使用光电隔离，用来提高仪器的抗干扰能力，同时，也 使仪器接口输出部分与输入部分实现电气上的隔离。关键词：交流采样；智能测量；A/D 转换；单片机；LED盐城工学院本科生毕业设计说明书( 2012)The Design of the AC Intelligent Test SystemAbstract: Traditional power frequency AC tester is analog pointer instrument, which measurement accuracy is low and function is single. The
4、 design is an alternating current intelligent instrument based on single chip, and it can accurately measuring power lines, engine, motor voltage, current and active power. The design of the hardware part is mainly composit by the sampling circuit, A / D conversion circuit, main circuit and the LED
5、display circuit.The design use AC sampling method to sample the 220V AC, and AC sampling method is the instantaneous value of the signal is sampled according to certain rules, and then some numerical algorithms to obtain the measured values. AC sampling method depends on two factors: the measurement
6、 accuracy and measurement speed. Adopting ac sampling method can reduce the nonlinear link, it can reducing hardware costs ,and can improve the sampling accuracy, and can enter the same measure multiple power parameters, all results are displayed on the LED. Choose one of the 12 AD574 as A/D convert
7、er, It has the external less component, and low power consumption, and high precision .The design uses the AT89S52 microcontroller series as the host, through the sample and hold circuit to capture the voltage and current signals, and then the analog signal sent to the A / D converter to convert the
8、 digital signal, then the digital signal into the microcontroller, the microcontroller for data processing, and finally use the LED digital display of the measured voltage, current and active power value. And analog part and digital part can use photoelectric isolation. It can improve the anti-inter
9、ference ability of the instrument, At the same time, also make instrument interface output and input part of the isolation of the realization electric.Key Words: AC sampling; Intelligent measurement; A/D converter; MCU; LED盐城工学院本科生毕业设计说明书( 2012)目目 录录1. 概 述.1 2. 总体设计方案.2 2.1 方案选择与设计思路.2 2.2 工作原理及框图.3 3. 交流采样法的测量原理.3 4. 硬件设计.5 4.1 单片机的介绍.5 4.2 复位电路的设计.7 4.3 振荡电路的设计.8 4.4 采样保持电路.94.5 A/D 转换原理及硬件设计.10 4.6 LED 显示电路设计.13 4.7 光电隔离电路.16 5. 软件设计.16 5.1 软件设计方案.16 5.2 主程序的设计.17 5.3 交流采样子程序.21 5.4 A/D 转换子程序.24 5.5 LED 显示子程序.266. 结束语.
