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1、不定式专题不定式专题 比较下列句型 I asked the boy to answer my question.Toms attending the meeting made everyone there very happy. To learn maths is not easy./ It is not easy to learn maths. Seen from the hill, the city looks very beautiful. The girl sitting under the tree is my sister. 不定式的结构不定式的结构主动被动原形To do 现在进行
2、式原形完成进行式不定式的用法不定式的用法 一、不定式作主语 To smoke so much is not good for you./Its not good for you to smoke so much. 不定式作主语表示的动作往往是，特别是将来的动作。常用 It 作形式主语 ( 注意句型： It is + adj.+ for /of sb to do sth.) Eg.It is very good of you to help with my English. 二、不定式作宾语 My father promised to buy a bike for me. Oh, My God!
3、 I forgot to turn off the light. 注意：下列动词或动词短语后接不定式：agree, seem, appear, offer, happen, wish, hope, pay, expect, long, plan, intend, promise, pretend, decide, afford, manage, choose, be said to, would like to 等。 三、不定式作宾语补足语 The doctor advised him to take exercise. His parents expected him to go to un
4、iversity. 注意：用不定式作宾语补足语主要看动词 1.以下动词接不定式作宾语补足语： advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, expect , force , get, encourage , hate, invite ,order ,oblige, wish, want, warn, remind, promise, permit, persuade, request 2. 以下动词接动词原形作宾补： make, let , have ,see,watch(等感官动词接动词原形作宾语补足语表示动作全过程） Eg; The teacher watched the
5、 students cross the road. 四、不定式作定语 The last one to come pays bill. The next train to arrive was from New York. 注意：（1）不定式作定语的位置： （2）所表示的时间： 五、 作表语 What I must do today is to clean the room. His task is to send letters. 注意：不定式表示一次性的；具体的动作 六、动词不定式作状语 1.表示 Ill saving up to buy a computer Ill write down
6、his telephone number （so as）not to forget it. 2.表示 His eyesight is too poor to read such small letters. 3.表示 I am very glad to meet you.不定式的时态不定式的时态 (1) 不定式的一般形式所表示的动作，通常与谓语的动作(状态)同时(或几乎同 时)发生，或是在它之后发生。 e.g. I saw him go out (2) 如果谓语表示的动作(情况)发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行，这时不定式就要用。 e.g. I am very glad to be worki
7、ng with you (3) 如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，要用。 e.g. Im sorry to have kept you waiting 3. 不定式的语态 当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用。 e.g. He asked to be sent to work in the countryside 动词不定式 To 的几种常见的省略形式 1 感官动词和使役动词在主动语态中不需要带 to，即我们常说的“一觉二听三让五看”：feel, listen to 、hear ,let、make、have, see、watch、notice、observe
8、、look at. He noticed Tom take a branch of flowers in his hand. The teacher has us write a composition every week.注： 除 let 外其他在变成被动语态时要加上 to。 The person was seen to enter the shop by us . 2 由 all， what 引导的主语从句或者主语被 only, first, one, least 或形容词最高级修饰时，而且从句中含有 do 时，其 表语如果是动词不定式，则往往省去 to。All I did was em
9、pty the bottle. What I wanted to do was drive all night. The only thing I could do was do it myself 。 常用的结构 may well do，may as well do (还是好了)及 but 或 except 后接不定式时，如果它们前面有 do 便可省略 to，其结构为 can not do but（do)，can not help but (do)不得不等句型， We might as well put up here for tonight.She can do nothing but/e
10、xcept sing.There is nothing he could do but play all day long。 介词 except/ but 之后接不定式时，如果介词前有实意动词 do 的各种形式则 except/ but 后接不带 to 的不定式；反之 如果 except/ but 前没有实意动词 do，则不定式带 to 。 Cai has no choice but to do the homework. Cai does nothing but sleep every day 4 做 help 后的宾语补足语或宾语时不定式可带 to 可不带 Can I help（to） c
11、arry it for you? I helped him（to） mend the bike. 5在 had better，would rather，rather than 之后省略 to。 Youd better not tell him the news . Rather than wait anyone, I decided to go home by taxi. 6.作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，不定式后面须有 相应的介词。 He is looking for a room to live in. 7.something, an
12、ything, nothing, everything 等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。 1) Have you anything to send?2) Have you anything to be sent? 8.独立结构 to be frank, to be honest, to tell the truth To tell the truth, I am not happy at the moment. 固定句型 had better/had best + (not) do sth. Why (not) do sth.? prefer to do/prefer doing pref
13、er + n./doing A +to + n./doing Bprefer + to do A rather than do B would rather (not) do sth. would rather do A than (do) B would rather + 句子（过去式） （虚拟语气） 要做 练习： 1. My wife said in her letter that she would appreciate _ from you sometime.A. to have heard B. to hear C. for hearing D. hearing2. Robert i
14、s said _ abroad, but I didnt know what country he studied in. A. to have studied B. to be studying C. to study D. to have been studying 3. In Australia he made a lot of friends _a very practical knowledge of English. A. get B. getting C. to get D. got 4. They are considering _ before the prices go u
15、p. A. of buying the house B. with buying the house C. buying the house D. to buy the house 5.Paul doesnt have to be made_ . He always works hard. A. study B. to study C. studied D. studying 6. The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _. A. to be heard B. to have heard C. hearing D. being heard 9. _ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep10. Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview. _ the answers ready will be of great help.A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having 11. Allen had to call a
