《高考语法虚拟语气》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高考语法虚拟语气（6页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、课前测试1. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it . A.breaksB.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken 2. Had you listened to the doctor, you all right now. A.areB.were C.would beD.would have been 3. If I _ ten years younger, I _ very happy.A. be were, shall beB. am, shall be C
2、. were, would beD. am, would be 4. If I hadnt stood under the tree to catch you when you fell, you _ now.A. couldnt have smiled B. wouldnt be smiling C. cant smile D. wont smile 5.He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he _ to the meeting. A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come 6.Dont t
3、ouch the sleeping tiger. If he woke up, he _ you. A. would come to B. would come at C. would have come toward D. will come to 7.Without electricity human life _ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 8. But for the party, he _ of hunger 30 years ago. A. would have die
4、d B. would die C. must have died D. must die 9.If it _ tomorrow, what would we do? A. rains B. were to rain C. would rain D. rain语法考点Grammar虚拟语气虚拟语气 虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议,而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过 谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。下面分别介绍虚拟语气在各种句式中的用法。虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气 类别用法例句与现在事 实相反从句动词：过去式（be 用 were） 主句动词：should/would/could/mi
5、ght+动词原 形If he were here, he would help us.与过去事 实相反从句动词：had+过去分词 主句动词：should/would/could/might+have+ 过去分词If I had been free, I would have visited you.If 引导的 条件从句与将来事 实相反从句动词：过去式 / should+动词原形 / were+不定式 主句动词：should/would/could/might+动词原 形If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping.as if 引导的状
6、语从句中动词用过去式或过去完成式They are talking as if they had been friends for years.其它状语从句in order that / so that 引导的状语从句中动词用 can / could / may / might / would 等+动词原形Turn on the light so that we can see it clearly.demand, suggest, order, insist 后接的从句中动词为 should+ 动词原形He suggested that we not change our mind.宾语从句w
7、ish 后的从句中分别用过去式，过去完成式和should/would+动词原形表示与现在，过去和将来情况相 反I wish I could be a pop singer.主语从句在 It is necessary / important / strange that, It is suggested / demanded / ordered / requested that 等从句中，谓语动词 用 should+动词原形It is strange that such a person should be our friends.其它句型 中It is time that句型中动词用过去式或
8、should+动词原形Its high time that we left.1.虚拟语气用于条件状语从句 注意:主句中的 should 通常用于第一人称,would 可用于任何人称,同时也可根据意思用情态 动词 could,might 等代替 should,would。 1)表示与现在事实相反: If I were you,I should stay at home. If the peasants could farm the land themselves,food production would be much higher. If fewer cash crops were grow
9、n,more food could be produced and there would be less or no starvation. 2)表示与过去事实相反: If you had come yesterday,you would have met him. If the hurricane had happened during the daytime,there would have been many deaths. 3)表示与将来事实相反:If you came tomorrow,we would have the meeting. If it were to/should
10、rain tomorrow,the meeting would be put off. If it should rain,the crops would be saved. 1.当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,动词的形式要根 据它所表示的时间来调整。例如:If you had followed the doctors advice,you would be quite all right now.(从句说的是过去,主句指的是现在。) 5)以上句型可以转换成下列形式:从句省略 if,用倒装句式“were,had,should+主语“。例如: Were I in s
11、chool again,I would work harder. Had you been here earlier,you would have seen him. Should there be a meeting tomorrow,I would come.用介词短语代替条件状语从句。例如: Without air, there would be no living things. I would not have succeeded but for your help. 2.虚拟语气用于以 as if(as though)引导的表语从句或状语从句 如果从句表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用
12、一般过去时;表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用 “had+过去分词“;表示与将来事实相反,谓语动词用“would(might,could)+动词原形“。例如: He looked at me as if I were mad. He speaks English so fluently as if he had studied English in England. It looks as if it might rain. 但 as if(as though)后的从句也常用陈述语气,这是因为从句中的情况往往是可能发生的或可 能被设想 为真实的。例如: It looks as if our sid
13、e is going to win. 3.含蓄条件句 在某些虚拟语气结构中没有 if 条件句,虚拟条件是用其它形式表示出来,这种现象在语法上 称为“含蓄条件句“。含蓄条件具体分为以下几种情况: 1)通过动词不定式短语表示条件。例如: You would be a fool to refuse his offer. (=If you should refuse his offer,you would be a fool.) 要是你拒绝他的建议,就太傻了。 2)通过介词短语表达条件。例如: But for the storm I would have arrived much earlier. (
14、=If it had not been for the storm.) 要不是那场暴雨,我早就到达了。 3)通过连词 otherwise,or,but,that,though,once 等表达条件。例如: She came to town yesterday,otherwise/or I would not have met her. 昨天她到城里来了,不然我就不会遇见她了。 (otherwise/or=if she hadnt come) I would have attended the meeting,but I have been too busy. (=.if I had not b
15、een too busy) 我本来要参加会议的,只是太忙了。 4)通过 Were it not for.或 Had it not been for.等句式表达条件。例如: Were it not for(=If it were not for) the leadership of the Party,we could not live a happy life. 要不是党的领导,我们不可能过幸福生活。 (与现在事实相反) Had it not been for(=If it had not been for) the leadership of the Party,we should have failed. 若不是有党的领导,我们早就失败了。 (与过去事实相反) 5)通过分词短语表达条件。例如: Given more attention,the trees could have grown better.倘若给予更多的关心,这些树本来可以生 长得更好的。 (=If they had been given more attention.) 6)无词句暗示条件。例如: Such mistakes could have been avoided.这种错误本来可以避免的。 (暗含条件从句 if we h
