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1、一五种简单句结构一五种简单句结构1. They arrived S + V. (主 谓) 主 谓(vi) (不及物动词 vi) eg : I am eating 2. I like English. S + V + O (主+谓+宾)主 谓(vt.) 宾 (及物动词 vt)eg : He plays football主 谓 宾 3. I am happy S + V + P (主+系+表)主 系 表eg.They look young系动词: be : am is are was were变化: become get turn感觉: look smell taste feel sound ke
2、ep 4 . He give me a book S + V + IO + DO主 谓 间接宾语 直接宾语give sb sth / sth to sb teach /write/show/pass/ callbuy sb sth/sth for sbeg: My mother buys me a book主 谓 间宾 直宾 5. My teacher makes us laugh S + V + O + OC主 谓 宾 宾补make sb /do+adj/keep / letI hear birds singing主 谓 宾 宾补hear sb do /doing see /findeg :
3、 I tell them to woke hard主 谓 宾 宾补tell sb to do /not to do want/wish/help/ask/order6. stop to do / doing 停下来去做某事/停止做某事Forget to do / doing sth. 忘记去做某事/忘记做某事Remember to do /doing sth. 记得去做某事/记得做了某事Like to do/ doing 偶然喜欢/习惯性的喜欢 7. 只能接 doing 的句子 mind / enjoy / practice/ finish/ keep / avoid doing 二名词二名词
4、普通名词可数（单数/复数）/不可数 如： rice / milk / water / air / tea (放在容器中) 1.名词的复数： a bag two bags 一般的加 s 末尾有 s , x , ch , sh 的加 es family变 y 为 i 加 es wife末尾是 fe 变 fe 为 ves manmen womanwomen footfeet childchilden toothteath单复数同形：Chinese Japanese sheep deer （鹿） 集合名词：people police class 等2.不可数名词的表达：a cup of teaa gl
5、ass of milka piece of bread a bag of rice 3.名词所有格 名词所有格： 单数名词后加s 如 lilys pen Janes name以 s 结尾的复数名词直接加s 如 girls books students school特殊： As and Bs (分开的) A and Bs（共有的）三代词三代词一人称代词主格I weyouyouheshe itthey宾格meusyouyouhimheritthem形容词性物主代词myouryouryourhisheritstheir名词性物主代词mineoursyoursyourshishersitstheirs
6、反身代词 myself ourselves Yourself himself herself Itself themselves 二不定代词 Some 用于肯定句，既可以修饰可数也可以修饰不可数； any 用于一般疑问句或否定句。 Any 在肯定句中表示任何，any of us 任何一个 Both 表示两者都 neither(两者中没有任何一个) either 两者中其中一个 None 表示三者以上的不，对它提问用（how many） nobody 对它提问 who Many/ much=a lot of ,plenty of A little little (不可数) a few few (
7、可数) A little ,a few 表示“有 ” little few 表“没有” Each / every(每一个) each=either Each(两者或两者以上的每一个 强调个体) Every (三者或三者以上的每一个 强调整体) Each of us has a book.= We each have a book.四介词四介词1. 介词有：On, in, at ,with ,without ,to, for, under ,of ,before, by ,through, after ,from ,about ,belind (后面) beside(旁边)=next to, s
8、ince, Besides(除了还) 如：On the desk ,on the left(左) on the right(右) 介词 主要用于固定搭配 at 具体时刻 at 3oclock . in 季节，月份，年，.in spring/ in March, in 1998 On 具体某一天 on May 1st./ on a cold morning/ on the afternoon of July 2nd. in two days, after two days 都表示两天之后 In 用于将来时，对其提问用 how soon 而 after 则用于过去时，对其提问用 when on/
9、over/ above 表示在上方，below/ under 表示在下方 on 表示相互接触的上方，Over 表示垂直上方 above 表上方但不垂直 below 表斜下方 ,under 垂直下方 arrive in/ at 表示到达，in 表大地方 arrive in Chongqing; at 表小地方 arrive at school 5.over/ through/ across 表示穿过 through 内部穿越 across 平面穿过 over 表示翻山越龄的穿 结婚 marry sb / be married to sb 3:10 three ten 半小时前用 past ten
10、 past three 3:40 three forty 半小时后 to twenty to four五形容词、副词五形容词、副词形容词如： nice， beautiful， new ，big A nice bag 做定语A is young 做表语 A is younger than B A is the youngest of all 副词如： slowly，quickly， healthily A works slowly B walks more slowly than A C walks most slowly of all 不规则形容词，副词比较级最高级earlyearlierea
11、rliest many muchmoremost goodbetterbest bad/badlyworseworst farfartherfarthest oldolderoldest old elder eldest littlelessleast 形容词，副词的考点 1. 最高级转换成比较级 She is the tallest of all She is taller than any other student / the other students 2. 修饰比较级可用 much, a little, even，a lot 等A is much / a little /even
12、/ a lot fatter than B 3. 同样的事物在不同的地方用that（单数）those（复数） The weather in Chongqing is hotter than that in Beijing. 4. as as / not as /so . as 与.一样 /与 不一样A is as tall as B. A isnt as (so) tall as B. A is one fifth as tall as B. 5. the + 比较级 of two, 表示两者中较一个He is the taller of two. 他是两者中较高的一个。 6比较级+ 比较级
13、越来越 older and older /younger and younger (适用于单音节的形容词) 越来越：more and more beautiful / more and more interesting (适用于多音节的形容词) 7. The +比较级， the +比较级 表示越, 越The more you eat , the fatter you are .The harder you work, the better you are. 六反意疑问句六反意疑问句- He is a student, isnt he?= He isnt a student, is he ? (
14、前面肯定，后面否定) - Yes, he is. No. he isnt.（根据事实本身进行回答） I am.开头的句子，后面用 arent I 。如： I am a student, arent I . 句中出现否定意义的词如：no、nothing、little few、seldom、never、 nobody、nothing.看 作否定句。He has nothing to do, does he. 句中出现否定前缀 : un、dis、im，看作是肯定句。如：eg : she is unhappy/disappear / impossible, isnt she ? 不定义代词作主语，指物
15、的时候用作., isnt it ? 指人的时候用作, isnt he ? , arent they/ 指人: everyone/someone is here, isnt he/arent they指物: something/anything/nothing goes well, doesnt it / does it ? 祈使句一般后用，, will you ；Lets 开头用, shall we ? eg : open the door, will you.Let us the door, will you ?Lets go the door, shall we ? I dont think /believe that 进行否定转移时，主语为第一人称时，以从句为准。主语为非 第一人称时，以主句为准。 I think he is a teacher , isnt he ?I d
