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1、 题题 目目基基于于单单片片机机的的超超声声波波测测距距设设计计TITLEultrasonic distance testing based on single-chip microcomputer1摘 要超声波是指频率在 20kHz 以上的声波，它属于机械波的范畴。超声波也遵循一般机械波在弹性介质中的传播规律，如在介质的分界面处发生反射和折射现象，在进入介质后被介质吸收而发生衰减等。正是因为具有这些性质，使得超声波可以用于距离的测量中。随着科技水平的不断提高，超声波测距技术被广泛应用于人们日常工作和生活之中。系统的设计主要包括两部分，即硬件电路和软件程序。硬件电路主要包括单片机电路、发射电路
2、、接收电路、显示电路和电源电路，另外还有复位电路和LED 控制电路等。我采用以 AT89C52 单片机为核心的低成本、高精度、微型化数字显示超声波测距仪的硬件电路。整个电路采用模块化设计，由信号发射和接收、显示等模块组成。发射探头的信号经放大和检波后发射出去，单片机的计时器开始计时，超声波被发射后按原路返回,在经过放大带通滤波整形等环节,然后被单片机接收,计数器停止工作并得到时间。软件程序主要由主程序、发射、接收、显示子程序等模块组成。它控制单片机进行数据发送与接收，实现数据正确显示在 LED 上。另外程序控制单片机消除各探头对发射和接收超声波的影响。相关部分附有硬件电路图、程序流程图。关键词
3、： 单片机，超声波，测距.2AbstractIn more than 20 KHZ ultrasonic refers to the frequency of sound waves, it belongs to the category of mechanical wave. Ultrasonic also follows the propagation rules of general mechanical wave in elastic medium, as in the interface of medium of reflection and refraction occur, af
4、ter entering the medium to be absorbed by the medium and attenuation, etc. Because of these properties, ultrasound can be used for distance measurement. With the constant improvement of the level of science and technology, ultrasonic ranging technology is widely used in Peoples Daily work and life.T
5、he design of the system mainly includes two parts, namely, hardware circuit and software program. Hardware circuit mainly including microcontroller circuit, transmitting circuit, receiving circuit, display circuit and power supply circuit, and reset circuit and LED control circuit, etc. I use with A
6、T89C52 single-chip computer as the core of low cost, high precision, miniaturization, digital display, the hardware of the ultrasonic range finder. The whole circuit USES modular design, the signal transmitting and receiving, display module, etc. Launch probe signal after amplification and detection
7、, single chip microcomputer timer timing starts, according to the original after ultrasonic was fired back, after amplification bandpass filter link, such as plastic is then MCU receives, counter and get off work time. Software is mainly composed of the main program, launch, receive, display subrout
8、ine modules. It control MCU send and receive data, implement the data correctly in LED display. Another program control single chip microcomputer to eliminate the influence of the probe to transmit and receive ultrasonic. Relevant parts with hardware circuit diagram and program flow chart.3Key words
9、: Single chip microcomputer, Ultrasonic, Ranging. I目录1 引言 .11.1 单片机应用系统概述 .11.2 超声波测距系统概述 .21.3 本设计任务的主要内容 .32 超声波测距的原理 .42.1 超声波的基本理论 .42.1.1 超声波的传播速度 .42.1.3 超声波传感器 .73 系统主要硬件设计 .103.1 硬件系统简介 .103.2 单片机主机系统电路 .103.2.2 复位电路 .113.2.3 时钟电路 .123.2.4 按键电路 .133.3 超声波发送电路 .143.4 超声波接收电路 .153.5 LED 数码管显示电路.174 系统软件设计 .194.1 系统程序的结构 .194.2 系统主程序 .
