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1、Cultural Gaps and Conflicts Between China and Americafrom a Study of The Joy Luck Club由由喜福会喜福会看中美文化差异和冲突看中美文化差异和冲突By Feng Die （冯蝶）Supervised by Associate Prof. Guo Xihua （郭锡华）Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, ChinaJune, 2007ContentsAcknowledgementsi Abstract different cultures; high context cultur
2、e; low context culture摘要摘要: 通常我们所说的跨文化交际，就是指来自不同文化群体的人们之间的交流。在交流 过程中，由于各自所处的文化环境不同，价值观念和思维方式有着明显的差异，因此很有 可能产生文化隔阂甚至冲突。而本文主要以此为切入点，借助美籍华裔女作家谭恩美的处 女作喜福会 ，对中美文化差异的具体表现进行深入的分析和探讨。文章主要分为三部分： 首先，就跨文化交际学的定义以及中美研究发展史做一番说明。其中主要介绍多年来一直 努力研究跨文化交际学的美国文化人类学家霍尔针对文化差异所提出的相关理论，包括最 著名的高低背景文化理论。同时，对小说喜福会的内容做个介绍，从而让读者
3、更好的 明白选择喜福会作为研究分析对象的原因。其次，利用霍尔的高低背景文化理论，借 助喜福会 ，对中美文化差异的具体表现来进行分析，文章从中美文化价值观念的差别、 中美文化的家庭观念的不同以及中美文化说话行为表达方式差异等三个方面进行了详细的 分析。本文作者最后对跨文化交际进行展望。随着全球化的进程，各种文化之间的融合将 是一个必然的趋势。 关键词：关键词：喜福会 ；文化差异；高背景文化；低背景文化iiiCultural Gaps and Conflicts between China and America from a Study of The Joy Luck Club1Cultural
4、 Gaps and Conflicts Between China and Americafrom a Study of The Joy Luck Club1. IntroductionIn its general sense, intercultural communication refers to the communication between people from different cultures. It takes place when a message is produced by a member of one culture for understanding an
5、d response by a member of another culture. As cultural variations are many and great, the potential for misunderstanding and disagreement can likewise be serious and great (杜瑞清等, 2004: 22). To put it another way, cultural gaps and conflicts are very likely to break out after undergoing a period of t
6、ime during the communication between people of different cultures.Although as a formalized and defined area of study, intercultural communication has a comparatively short history, it is gratifying to see that more and more emphasis and importance have been placed on intercultural communication both
7、 in and outside the academia all over the world. In detail, let us have a more deep-going comprehension of the history of the study of intercultural communication in detail.From the angle of region, intercultural communication in China began as a serious discipline for study in the early 1980s with
8、the nations reform initiatives and opening up endeavors. The study of intercultural communication in the United States can be traced to post-World War , when business and government were expanding and rebuilding globally. Government and business personnel overseas often found that they were ill-equi
9、pped to deal with the challenges of working among people of different cultures. The language training they received, for example, did little to prepare them for the complex challenges of working abroad. In response to this situation, the U.S. government passed the Foreign Service Act in 1946 and est
10、ablished the Foreign Service Institute. The Institute hired Edward T. Hall and other prominent anthropologists and linguists (including Ray Birdwhistell and George Trager) to develop “predeparture” courses for overseas workers. Intercultural training materials were scarce, so they developed their ow
11、n. In so doing, the Institute theorists formed new ways of looking at culture and communication. Thus, the field of intercultural communication was born (杜瑞清等, 2004: 22-23). With the aspect to academia, there are many outstanding experts from many fields who are devoting themselves to doing research
12、 into the history and development of intercultural 江南大学学士学位论文2communication. Among them, the achievements of scholars from cultural anthropology and literature are probably particularly outstanding, in spite of their different research angles. Cultural anthropologists possess powerful profession and
13、 they are working hard in intercultural communication at all times so that their research theories and consequences are more authoritative. For example, Edward T. Hall, Walliam B. Gudykunst, Larry A. Samovar, Young Yun Kim and Ting-Toomy are all splendid cultural anthropologists, especially Edward H
14、all whose theories in view of intercultural communication are usually adopted by other specialists. Edward Hall has described three important concepts and theories with regard to cultural differences, that is, time, space, and context.“Time is one of the fundamental bases on which all cultures rest
15、and around which all activities revolve. Understanding the differences between monochromic time and polychromic time is essential to success.” Monochromic time is characterized as linear, tangible, and divisible. In monochromic time, events are scheduled one item at a time and this schedule takes pr
16、ecedence over interpersonal relationships. Polychromic time, on the contrary, is characterized by “the simultaneous occurrence of many things and by a great involvement with people.” (杜瑞清等, 2004: 20)Here, space refers to the invisible boundary around an individual that is considered “personal.” This sense of personal space can include an area, or objects, that have come to be considered that individuals “territory.” This sense of personal space can
