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1、老人与海老人与海象征主义探究象征主义探究Abstract The Old Man and the Sea, praised by a famous writer as “the most excellent simple article in this generation”, is a masterpiece of the unyielding manHemingway. But with regard to the symbolism, it has been talked differently, and was equivocal in the explanation by Hemin
2、gway himself. The Protagonist, the living environment, the sea, the Shark, the Marlin are not themselves but have significant symbolical meaning. Here the author will analyze its symbolism thoroughly through some aspects such as the leading character，the living environment and Hemingways philosophy
3、of life reflected by the symbols, with a view to help the reader get a better understanding of Ernest Hemingways masterpiece Key Words Ernest Hemingway; the symbolic factors; iceberg theory; the living environment； philosophy of life摘 要 被威谦、福克纳誉为“这代人最优秀的一个单篇”的老人与海是硬汉子海明威的力作， 而对于老人与海的象征主义，评论界各执已见，海明威
4、本人的解释也模棱两可。而小 说中主人翁桑提亚哥和生存环境、大海、鲨鱼、小孩等角色实际上并非角色本身，表面上 简单的角色及故事情节有着深刻的象征意义，所以笔者希望从文章的主人公、其生存环境 等各个方面对其象征主义进行剖析、总结和归纳老人与海的象征手法以及海明威的人 生观在各象征因素中的体现,以期能帮助读者更好地理解这部作品。 关键词 海明威；象征因素；冰山原理; 生存环境; 人生观Introduction Regarded as a giant both in American literature and the world literature, Ernest Hemingway was b
5、orn on July21, 1898, at Oak Park, Illinois. In the childhood, influenced by his father, Hemingway was interested in music, pictures, hunting, fishing and the like. His variety of interest, especially the love of fishing extremely affected all his life and he drew much writing inspiration from his fi
6、shing experience. Taking adventures also plays a vital role in his life and for the reason that he experienced the two world wars. As a noticeable representative of the “Lost Generation”, Hemingway published the books of this sort, The Sun Also Rises at the age of 26. Because the book chiefly deals
7、with the living attitude of the post-war generation, especially the lives of those wounded soldiers and the loneliness and disillusionment of the modern people whose ideal was shattered at the time when “God is dead”, they thought life was nothing and meaningless. In this case, Hemingway became the
8、spokesperson for the The Lost Generation.Actually the parable of a mans struggle against the nature, The Old Man and The Sea was published in 1952. Acknowledged as his best works, the novel reinvigorated Hemingways literary reputation after the violent attacks，he received from Across the River and I
9、nto the Tress. The positive reaction that followed the novel included praise not only from the reviewers but also from a board spectrum of the mass, from ordinary readers to fellow men of letters. The publishing of this work showed that Hemingway had shown he could still achieve a major triumph, whe
10、ther or not the reviewers and critics or the public could appreciate the true value of his achievement. The Old Man and the Sea was awarded the Pulitzer Prize in 1953 and Hemingways famous iceberg technique, which is a simple but highly suggestive style, was vividly embodied in the work, thus he was
11、 awarded the Nobel Prize for his “mastery of the art of modern narration”.I. Introduction to the Background The old Man and the Sea is a fable of an old mans life which was told by Hemingway. Hemingway is a famous American writer of modern times. He is also an international literary celebrity in the
12、 world. His father is a prominent doctor, and also a dab at fishing and hunting. The influence of his father made him full of love with fishing and hunting. His life was active and adventurous, but it was full of pains. The First and the Second World Wars had affected Hemingway a lot, he had once jo
13、ined the army and had injured in Italy, and he suffered much that was brought about by the war deeply. He was disappointed with the world and pessimistic about the fate of the man. In his early days novel, The Sun also rises depicts the war, describing the bewilderment of the European and American y
14、oung people, then he was look down upon by someone around him and some writers. “You are all the generation that has been at a loss.” So, seeking way out and seeking the understanding of life is the theme that Hemingway wanted to explore. He was an unyielding man, so he portrayed the distinctive ind
15、ividual character of “the character of unyielding man”. From all the works of Hemingways, we can find that when Hemingway chose personage, he especially liked to choose beggar, hunter, solider and so on, they could protect their dignity by resisting with the world which is full of hostility, they ma
16、intain a graceful demeanour under great force, but on target. The characters of the protagonist are different from that of the early days novel. For example, the leading character Jordan in For whom the Bell Tolls is a hero who devotes himself to the career he incites the evil force, which reflects the cherished desire for opposing the fascism war of the people, which is full of wide social meaning and the times breathe. All the
