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1、英语常用短语精解英语常用短语精解1.to get on : (to enter, board) 【说明:】to get on(搭乘,上车) 动词 get 的用法很多,常常在后面接用各种不同的介系词或副词而形成意义不 同的习语。这里的 on 是介系词,后面的 bus 和 subway 用作它的受词。如果 on 作副词用,则有进步,相处甚好,与年事已长的意思。 【例:】(1) I always get on the bus at 34th Street.我总是在街搭乘 公共汽车。 (2) William gets on the subway at the same station every mo
2、rning. 威廉每天早晨在同一车站搭乘地下火车。 2.to get off : (to leave, descend from) 【说明:】to get off (下车)与上面的 get on 相反。Get off 也有好些其它 的意义,如寄出,离开等。下车也可以用 alight from 或 get out of a carriage 或 motor car, 不过下电车或公共汽车多用 get off . 【例:】(1) Helen got off the bus at 42nd Street.海伦在 42 街下公共汽 车。 (2) At what station do you usual
3、ly get off the subway?你通常在那一 站下地下火车? 3.to put on: (to place on oneself-said particularly of clothes) 【说明:】to put on (穿,戴)特别指穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽、戴眼镜也用这个成语。英文中还有 wear 和 dress 二字也是穿的意思。可是 wear 是继续的动作,表示穿着的状态,而 put on 是一时的动作。下面两个句子都是错的: I shall wear my overcoat before I go out (应用 put on).In such cold weather I p
4、ut on my overcoat all day (应用 wear). dress 的意思是 put clothes on 后面的受词一定是人,如 dress a child, dress oneself, be dressed in white, put on clothes, vk Get up and dress quickly. (快点起来穿好衣服。 ) (1) Mary put on her hat and left the room.玛丽戴上她的帽子就离开这 屋子。 (2) Why is John putting on his hat and coat? 约翰为什么穿衣戴帽呢?
5、4.to take off : (to remove-said also of clothes)【说明:】 to take off (脱去)与 put on 的意义相反,指脱去衣物鞋帽.民可以用 put off, 但较不通用。 【例:】 (1) John took off his hat as he entered the room.约翰在这屋 时脱下他的帽子。 (2) Is Helen taking off her coat because it is too warm in the ro 海伦是不是因为室内太暖和而脱去她的外衣呢? 5.to call up: (to telephone)【
6、说明:】to call up (打电话给)后面一定要有受词,也就是接电话的人。如果受词是代名词的话,常插在 call 与 up 之间。 【例:】(1)I forgot to call up Mr. Jones yesterday although I promised to call him up exactly at three oclock.我昨天忘记打电话给钟斯先生,虽然我答 应了在三点钟的时候打电话给他的。 (2) Did anyone call me up while I was out?我出去的时候有人打电话来找 我吗? 6.to turn on : (to start, begi
7、n) 【说明:】to turn on (扭开,打开)指扭开电灯,电炉,电扇,煤气等的按钮 或开关,以及自来水的水龙头等而言。开电灯也可以用 put on the light. 【例:】(1) Please turn on the light. This room is dark.请你扭开电灯, 这房间太黑暗了。 (2) Someone turned on the radiator in this room while we were out. 我们外出时,有人把房内的电炉扭开了。 7.to turn off : (to stop, terminate extinguish) 【说明:】to t
8、urn off(关闭,停止)指扭熄电灯,关闭无线电、自来水等。 关灯也可以用 put out the light. 【例:】(1) Please turn off the light. We do not need it now.请把电灯 关了,我们现在不需要它。 (2) Shall I turn off the radio or are you still listening to it? 我可以把收音机关掉吗,你是不是还要收听呢? 8.right away : (immediately, at once, very soon) 【说明:】right away (立刻,马上)为美国口头语,没
9、有 immediately 与 at once 正式, 系一副词片语,与 right now (exactly now )的意思相仿。 【例:】(1) She says that dinner will be ready right away.她说晚餐 马上就准备好了。 (2) Can William come to my office right away?威廉能够立刻就到我的 办公室来吗? 9.to pick up : (to take-especially with fingers) 【说明:】to pick up (拾起,拣起)尤指用手指把东西拿起业而言。 To pick up 还有很
10、多 其它的用法。如 让人搭便车: The motorist picked up a couple of servicemen along the highway . (这个乘汽车的人在公路上让两个军人搭乘便车。) 听会,自然学会,(言语,游戏等): He never studied French; what he knows he picked up while living in F rance. (他从来没有学过法文;他所知道的是他住在法国的时候听会的。) 捉住,逮捕,萍水相逢便行订交,选出: I picked up London last night.(昨晚我在无线电听到了伦敦的播音。)
11、【例:】(1) John Picked up the newspaper which was on his desk.约翰把 书桌上的报纸拿了起来。 (2) Why didnt you pick up that pencil which lay on the floor? 你为什么不把地板上的那枝铅笔拾起来呢? 10.at once: (immediately, very soon, right away) 【说明:】at once (立刻,马上)为一级通用的副词片语,也可以作为同时 (simultaneously) 解,如: This book is at once interesting and structive.(此书既有趣又有益。 ) 【例:】(1) He asked me to come to his office at once 他请我立刻就到 他的办公室去。 (2) I want you to send this telegram at once.我希望你马上把这电报 发出去