《突破高考英语短文改错——查一致性 》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《突破高考英语短文改错——查一致性 （3页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、1突破高考英语短文改错查一致性 摘要：英语短文改错题是高考中的重点和的难点，查一致性是发现错误并加以纠正的一个重要突破口。本文以高考试题为例谈论了从哪几方面来查寻一致性。关键词：一致性；高考；短文改错英语短文改错题一直是高考中考生感到棘手、得分较低的题型。分析高考中的短文改错题，百分之五十左右的错误设置与行文的一致性有关。因此，答题时查文章在行文中是否保持一致是发现错误并加以纠正的一个重要突破口。在寻查错误时，必须打破行的界限，通篇考虑，起码也要以一个完整的句子为单位。下面笔者就以高考试题为例，谈谈把哪几个方面作为突破口去查寻行文不一致的错误。一、查时态是否一致 时态错误几乎是每年高考短文改错
2、中必设的改错题。要有目的地去检查文中的每一个谓语动词的时态与上下文、语境以及该句的时间状语是否相符和一致。例如：1. Today, it is much easier to be healthy than it is in the past. is 应改为 was，使之与时间状语 in the past 一致。2. had always wanted to return to the village after moving away. And it is really great to see most of my old friends again. is 应改为 was,与前面分句的时态
3、一致。3. They offered me coffee and other drinks. We have a good time talking and laughing together.have 与前面句子中 offered 时态不一致，应改为 had。4. Hello, I learn about you from my English teacher, Miss FangLearn(得知)在这里不是表示一个经常发生的动作，应改为过去时 learned。 （本来此处还可改为 have learned，由于“短文改错”题要求，每行只允许改一个错误，故 have learned 不能接受
4、。 ） 25. My favorite sport is football. I was a member of our football team.全文都是用的一般现在时，此句中的 was 显然与上下文语境不符，应改为am。6. Last Sunday, police cars hurry to the taller building in New Yorkhurry 应改为 hurried，才可与时间状语 last Sunday 一致。二、查主谓是否一致在检查谓语动词的时态和语态是否正确的同时，还要注意检查该动词在人称和数上是否与主语保持了一致。例如：1. Anyone may borro
5、w books, and it cost nothing to borrow them.cost 应改为 costs，因其主语是 it(为形式主语)，且上下文均为一般现在时。2. The new boy or girl in school quickly become one of the class由 or 连接的两个以上的主语应由靠近谓语的主语来决定谓语的单复数形式，故 become 应改为 becomes。3. Playing football not onlybut also give us a sense offair play and team spirit. 此句的主语是 pla
6、ying football，视为第三人称单数，其谓语 give 应改为 gives。4. There are branch library in many villages.句中主语 library 应改为复数形式 libraries，因为前面是 there are，主谓应一致。主谓语一致的情况较为复杂，考生平时学习要留心归纳。有些特殊句式的主谓一致问题很容易被忽视，如倒装句、关系代词在定语从句中作主语的情况等，答题时要高度重视。三、查指代是否一致 对于短文中出现的每一个代词都要查一下它所指代的内容以及在句中的作用，注意其数、格、词性是否正确和前后一致，包括人称代词、指标代词、反身代词、关系代
7、词以及疑问代词等。指代错误也是高考改错题中常设的改错题。例如：1. We climb everywhere, not only in America. They have been to Europe根据上下文，句中的 They 属指代不一致，应改为 We。32. The game speaks for themselves.句中的反身代词 themselves 应改为单数 itself，因为指代的是单数主语 the game。3.And I cant forget the food you cooked for I.人称代词在作介词的宾语时用宾格，I 应改为 me。4. The Smiths
8、 did his best to make me feel at home.句子的主语 the Smiths 表示的是复数概念“史密斯一家人”，故其指代词应该用第三人称复数 their 而不是 his。5. I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China.关系副词 where 在引导定语从句时不可作主语，应将其改为关系代词 which。6. The sport teaches us the importance of obedience. Each player must obey the captain, who is the leader
9、of the team. And they must not break the rules too often if we want to win the game. 纵观全篇短文，都是用的第一人称。这里突然冒出一个第三人称 they，显然不一致，应改为 we。 四、查平行结构是否平行一致由 and，or，but，eitheror，neithernor，not only but also，as well as等并列连词和词组连接的结构可称为平行结构。平行结构在词性、时态、非谓语动词的形式上往往要求前后一致。答题时要留心平行结构前后是否对等平行，这也是常设的错误。例如：1.Modern peo
10、ple know，have better food，and to live in cleaner surroundings.应将 to live 前的 to 删掉，因为 and 连接的是 know，have，live 三个并列平行的谓语动词，其时态和形式必须一致。2.He said it was best to stay until help arrived rather than go into the forest and get ting lost.goand getting 显然不平行，应将 getting 改为 get。 It was very kind of them to mee
11、t me at the railway station and drove me to their home.句中的 drove 显然与 and 前面的 to meet 不平行，应改为 drive。五、查名词的单复数与修饰词语或上下文是否一致名词数的错误也是高考常设的改错题。要查一下名词是否可数，与其修饰语是否4一致。例如：1.They have been to Europe many time. time（次）显然与修饰语 many 不一致，应改为 times。2. (They) asked me lots of question.question 是可数名词，其修饰词是 lots of，当
12、然应该用复数 questions。 3. We study quite a few subject, such as maths, Chinese quite a few 只能修饰复数名 词，故 subject 应改为 subjects。4. (We) often watch football match on TV together.根据上下文和该句中的 often 来判断，句中的 match 应该是 matches。六、查行文逻辑是否一致查这方面的错误应从文章整体内容出发，通篇考虑，以行为单位是难以发现这种错误的。逻辑不一致主要是由肯定与否定、关联词语以及动词（如 come 与 go，ta
13、ke 与 bring）的误用所造成的，应多从这方面去查找。例如：1.Most people can quickly get help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill. 根据行文逻辑，这里不应该由 since 来引导原因状语从句，而应该是when/whenever 或 if 来引导时间或条件状语从句。2.We tried to fix it and there was nothing we could do.根据行文逻辑，表示并列关系的 and 应改为表示转折关系的 but。 总之，查行文一致性是解决和突破高考短文改错的关
14、键，应当引起我们的高度重视。Abstract: English error correction is the key and difficult point in NMT, checking coherence is an important point of discovering errors and correcting them. This paper talks about which aspects can be utilized to check coherence based on test papers of NMET. Key words: coherence; NMET; error correction
