Instruction, evaluation and certification in web based instruction (上)

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1、1Instruction, evaluation and certification in web based instruction ()Abstract: Student evaluation is the key to the success of the learning and certification process. Web based instruction does not have the flexibility of the classroom based instruction in regard to the evaluation process and prese

2、nts certain difficulties. Student evaluation is a multi-step process, with each stage having its own objectives and strategies. One of the major limitations of the on-line testing is that it restricts the evaluation to objective questions due its convenience, in spite of its limitations. The paper s

3、uggests the possible approaches to evaluation at different stages and for different purposes, in the context of web based education. The paper considers student evaluation for learning, for self-testing, for the purposes of formative evaluation, for continuous evaluation and for the purpose of final

4、 summative evaluation needed for certification. The paper suggests an evaluation model for web based education and also suggests some alternative methods of incorporating the problem solving and short or long answer problems in the web based evaluation. Key Words: Web based testing, Web based educat

5、ion, Testing methods, instructional evaluation, testing methods, web based evaluation. Introduction Every education system assures the users of the products of its system, i.e. the employers, about the proficiency or capabilities acquired by its students as a result of going through its educational

6、programmes. For this it uses some form of testing and evaluation leading to certification. Often, the certification awarded by the educational institutions in the form of degrees, diplomas and certificates is accepted by the society for various purposes and is taken as quality certification. The con

7、ventional university system assures the quality of its product by controlling the inputs, resources, process of instruction and the student evaluation. For this, it uses the teachers as a key resource of the system. The teachers make use of the knowledge of the domain, and that of the students, to g

8、uide the students through complex instructional processes and then evaluate them. Three important processes closely linked to each other have influenced the quality of education. They are 2a) integration of instructional objectives 1and instructional strategies2 to ensure congruence between these el

9、ements to ensure the development of desired competencies to the desired degree of proficiency; b) spreading out the process of evaluation 3 through various activities over the whole period of learning to improve the reliability of the evaluation; c) Focusing on the evaluation of learning process rat

10、her than simple competencies. To improve the reliability of the assessment of the students, teachers constantly evaluate the students through close observation in the classroom, analysis of the questions and responses from the students, and conduct of a variety of formal evaluationor test procedures

11、 like written, oral and practical examinations. Education systems have also designed a variety of test items such as different types of objective items, short answer questions, descriptive questions, numerical problems, skill demonstration etc. Each of the evaluation procedures and each type of the

12、test items are designed to perform a specific function. Most educational systems consider that the objectives, content, instructional strategies, instructional interactions and student testing must form an integral unit in any instructional process, though in practice the amount of integration varie

13、s considerably from institution to institution and teacher to teacher. This is reflected in the fact that almost all the instructional design models 3,5 suggest that, the student evaluation plan and test items be best developed based on the objectives and the content. For this reason, the test items

14、 are written immediately after defining the objectives and writing the content out lines. So also the content, instructional strategies, and the instructional interactions are designed, based on the objectives and meeting the evaluation requirements. Thus the educational system ensured congruence be

15、tween the objectives, content, instructional strategies, instructional interactions and testing. The integration of instruction and evaluation is a result of the influence of the behaviorist philosophy and the competency based instruction on the instructional system. Instruction Evaluation in Web ba

16、sed education Computer based instruction (CBI) 6 promoted the concept of interaction in the instruction by emulating the good teaching practices. The Web based instruction inherited this concept from CBI. The interaction is basically implemented by eliciting an answer from the student, evaluate the answer and provide a feed back to the student. The interactivity is one of the important desirable features of the Web based education (

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