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1、编编 号号本本科科生生毕毕业业设设计计 (论论文文 )题目：题目：铅与酸雨对大豆植株 生物量的复合影响 环境与土木工程 学院 环境工程 专业学 号 1003080114 学生姓名 毛春霞 指导教师 王丽红 副教授 二一二年六月摘要I摘摘 要要本文采用水培法研究铅(Pb)与酸雨(AR)对大豆(Glycine max)不同生育期生物量的复合影响。实验结果表明：(1) 单一 AR 或 Pb 处理后，幼苗期大豆各生物量指标(叶片面积、单位叶鲜干重、茎鲜干重、根鲜干重)均下降，伤害随 pH 值降低或 Pb 浓度增加而增大，具有明显的剂量-效应关系。不同器官对 AR 或 Pb 的响应不同，呈现如下规律：根
2、茎叶。AR 或 Pb 对其它生育期(开花结荚期和鼓粒期)大豆的规律与幼苗期相似，降低程度呈现如下规律：幼苗期开花结荚期鼓粒期。90 mgL-1 Pb 对开花结荚期大豆伤害最小。(2) pH 3.0 AR 与 Pb 复合处理后，幼苗期大豆植株生物量最低，随着生育阶段向后推移，生长减缓，复合污染对大豆生物量的影响逐渐减小，尤其是 AR 与 35mgL-1Pb 复合处理组。pH 3.5 与 Pb 处理后，幼苗期大豆植株，茎、根生物量减少程度低于其它处理组，且其长势较好，而这种优势在其它生育期不明显。pH 4.5 与 150 mgL-1 Pb 复合处理下，幼苗期大豆自我保护机制失效。与对照相比，鼓粒期
3、大豆植株结荚数明显下降。复合处理组大豆根生物量指标降低程度茎叶。复合处理组大豆生物量降低程度高于单一 AR和 Pb 处理组，鼓粒期差异相对较小。上述结果可为科学评价突发性 AR 与 Pb 污染对不同生育期植物的影响提供理论依据。关键词：关键词：酸雨；铅；生物量；产量；鲜(干)重AbstractIIABSTRACTThis paper is engaged in an experiment to explore the compound effects of the Lead (Pb) and acid rain (AR) on biomass of water cultured soybean
4、 (Glycine max) plants in different growing periods. The results showed that: (1) With the AR or Pb treatment, biomass indexes (leaf area, fresh and dry weight of leaf, stem and root) of soybean seedlings were all decreased, and the lower the pH of AR was or the higher the Pb concentration was, the m
5、ore serious the damage was. Besides, the response of different organs to the AR or Pb treatment varied, the decrease degree order of biomass was: root stem leaf. It was similar that the damage orders of other growth stages (the beginning pod stage and the beginning seed stage) compared with that of
6、the seedling stage, but the damage degree order was the seedling stagethe beginning pod stagethe beginning seed stage. In addition, during the beginning pod stage, the damage of 90 mgL-1 Pb treatment was the lowest. (2) In the pH3.0 + Pb groups, the biomass of soybean seedlings was lowest; as the so
7、ybean plants grew up, the growth rate of the soybean became slower, leading to the less effects of the combined pollution on soybean, especially in the pH3.0 + low 35 mgL-1 Pb group. The decrease degree of the biomass of soybean seedlings in the pH3.5 + Pb groups was lower than that in other groups,
8、 which was not obvious under other growth stages. In the pH4.5 + Pb (150 mgL-1) group, the soybean seedlings could not resist the high Pb pollution by its own self-protection. Compared with the control, the number of pods under the beginning seed stage was decreased obviously. Besides, in the AR + P
9、b groups, the decrease degree of soybean biomass was: rootstemleaf; moreover, compared with AR or Pb treatment, combined pollution caused more decrease of the soybean biomass, and the growth of soybean under the beginning seed stage was better. In this study, it provides a theoretical basis to scien
10、tifically evaluate the effects of the sudden acid rain (AR) and Pb pollution on soybean plants under three different growth stages. Keywords: Acid rain; Lead; output; biomass; fresh (dry) weight目录i i目目 录录第 1 章 绪论.11.1 研究背景.11.1.1 酸雨的污染现状及其对植物的影响.11.1.2 土壤中铅的富集及其对农作物的影响.21.1.3 土壤中酸雨和铅复合现状.21.1.4 植物生物量与大豆.31.2 研究意义.31.3 研究目标和内容.31.3.1 研究目标.31.3.2 研究内容.3第 2 章 实验材料和研究方法.52.1 实验材料.52.2 主要仪器与试剂.52.2.1 主要试剂.52.2.2 主要仪器.52.3 实验设计.52.3.1 实验材料培养.52.3.2 实验处理设置.62.4 指标测定方法.62.4.1 叶面积的测定.62.4.2 叶鲜、干重的测定.62.4.3 茎鲜、干重的测定.62.4.4 根鲜、干重的测定.72.4.5 产量的测定.7第 3 章 结果与分析.93.1 铅与
