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1、2007-2008 学年第一学期末考试试题（学年第一学期末考试试题（A 卷）卷） 课程名称：课程名称：FUNDAMENTALSFUNDAMENTALS OFOF MATERIALSMATERIALS SCIENCESCIENCE ANDAND ENGINEERINGENGINEERING一、填空题（20 分）每空 0.5 分1 The discipline of materials science involves In contrast, materials engineering is .2 金属材料的晶体结构主要包括: , , , .3 物质中原子之间相互作用起源于原子核和电子间交互作用
2、，根据电子围绕原子的分布方式，可以将这些作用力分为：, , , , .4 高分子材料的基本结构包括: , , , .5 Forming techniques of metallic materials common include , , ,and , .6 Hardness of materials is measured according these methods , , , .7 POLYMER ADDITIVES applied in polymer materials common includes , , , ,and , .8 根据材料磁化率，可以把材料的磁性大致分为五类 ,
3、 , , ,.10 Three different forming methods are used to fabricate glass products: , , and .11 自由基聚合方法是指，聚合过程包括三步 , , .12 FORMING TECHNIQUES FOR PLASTICS includes: , ,and .二、问答题（40 分）每题 8 分1 Give the electron configurations for the following ions: Fe2+, Cu+, Br- and S-2.2 什么叫复合材料？复合材料的优点有哪些？ 3 什么叫导电率？导
4、电的机理是什么？聚合物导电率为什么比较低？ 4 金属材料成型方法选择主要依赖于什么因素？试述聚合物成型加工特点与优 势？ 5 Briefly cite the main differences between ionic, covalent, and metallic bonding?三、计算题（40 分）每题 10 分1 The number-average degree of polymerization of a polypropylene is 6789, Compute the number-average molecular weight?2 Zirconium has an HC
5、P crystal structure and a density of 6.51 g/cm3. What is the volume of its unit cell in cubic meters?3 An n-type semiconductor is known to have an electron concentration of 31018m- 3.if the electron drift velocity is 100m/s in an electric field of 500V/m, calculate the conductivity of this material.
6、4 The magnetization within a bar of some metal alloy is 3.2105 A/m at an H field of 50 A/m.Compute the following:(a) The magnetic susceptibility. (b) The permeability.A 卷答案卷答案一、填空题（20 分）每空 0.5 分 1 investigating the relationships that exist between the structures and properties of materials. On the b
7、asis of these structureproperty correlations, designing or engineering the structure of a material to produce a predetermined set of properties. 2 体心立方（body-centered cubic）、面心立方(face-centered cubic)、密排六方 (hexagonal close-packed)。 3 离子键(ionic bond)、共价键(covalent bond)、金属键(metallic bond)、分子间作 用力(van de
8、r waal)和氢键(hydrogen bond)。 4 线形结构(linear)，支链结构(branched)，交联结构(crosslink)，网状结构 (network)。 5 forging, rolling, extrusion, and drawing。 6 ROCKWELL, BRINELL, VICKERS 7 filler materials(填充物), plasticizers（增塑剂）, stabilizers（稳定剂）, colorants（着色剂）, and flame retardants（阻燃剂） 8 铁磁性（ferromagnetism），亚铁磁性(ferrima
9、gnetism)，顺磁性(paramagnetism)， 反铁磁性(diamagnetism)和抗铁磁性(antiferromagnetism)。 9 pressing, blowing, and drawing 10 链引发(initiation)，链增长(propagation)和链终止(termination)。 11 compression（模压）, blow（吹塑）, and injection molding（注射）.二、问答题（40 分）每题 8 分 1 Solution: Fe2+ :1s2s2p3s3p63d6-2 Cu+:1s2s2p3s3p63d10-2 Br-:1s2s
10、2p3s3p63d104s24p6-2 S-2:1s2s2p3s3p6-22 Solution: A composite, in the present context, is a multiphase material that is artificially made, as opposed to one that occurs or forms naturally. In addition, the constituent phases must be chemically dissimilar and separated by a distinct interface（2 分）. di
11、scussed; these include multiphase metal alloys, ceramics, and polymers（1 分）. (1) Most composites have been created to improve combinations of mechanical characteristics such as stiffness, toughness, and ambient and high-temperature strength（1 分） （2）example, aircraft engineers are increasingly search
12、ing for structural materials that have low densities(1 分) (3) better property combinations are fashioned by the judicious combination of two or more distinct materials such as optical, electrical and magnetic materials and so on(2 分) (4) Cost of some materials may be reduced by adding filler materia
13、ls(1 分) 复合材料是有高分子、无机非金属或金属等多相材料通过人工组合而成的新型 材料（2 分），其基本是有连续相与分散相组成（1 分）。 复合材料的优点： 1. 提高力学性能（1 分） 2. 降低材料的密度（1 分） 3. 获得可用的功能性材料，如耐高温，光电磁性材料（2 分） 4. 降低成本（1 分） 3 Solution: Sometimes, electrical conductivity _is used to specify the electrical character of a material（1 分）. It is simply the reciprocal of t
14、he resistivity, and is indicative of the ease with which a material is capable of conducting an electric current（2 分）. Within most solid materials a current arises from the flow of electrons, which is termed electronic conduction（2 分）. In addition, for ionic materials a net motion of charged ions is
15、 possible that produces a current; such istermed ionic conduction（1 分）. Most polymeric materials are poor conductors of electricity because of the unavailability of large numbers of free electrons to participate in the conduction process（1 分）. The mechanism of electrical conduction in these materials is not well understood, but it is felt that conduction in polymers of high purity is electronic（1 分） .电导率是衡量材料电导能力的表观物理量（1 分），它定义为单位电位下流过 的每立方厘米材料的电流 I（A）（2 分）。 材料导电的原因是因为材料内部有可以移动的带电载流子（1 分），因而材料 的导电率大小是有载流子密度与载流子迁移率决定（1 分），载流子可以是电 子，也可以是正负离子
