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1、20092009 Text1Text1Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st centu
2、ry, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation. So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain
3、cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks. But dont bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, theyre there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can by
4、pass those old roads. “The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says Dawna Markova, author of “The Open Mind” and an executive change consultant for Professional Thinking Partners. “But we are taught instead to decide, just as our president calls himself the Decider. ” Sh
5、e adds, however, that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.” All of us work through problems in ways of which were unaware, she says. Researchers in the late 1960 covered that humans are born with the capaci
6、ty to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. At puberty, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life
7、. The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought. “This breaks the major rule in the American belief system that anyone can do anything,” explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 b
8、ook “This Year I Will.” and Ms. Markovas business partner. “Thats a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness. Knowing what youre good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.” This is where developing new habits comes in.21. The view of Wordsworth habit is claimed by being A.
9、casual B. familiar C. mechanical D. changeable. 22. The researchers have discovered that the formation of habit can be A. predicted B. regulated C. traced D. guided 23.” ruts”(in line one, paragraph 3) has closest meaning to A. tracks B. series C. characteristics D. connections 24. Ms. Markovas comm
10、ents suggest that the practice of standard testing ?A, prevents new habits form being formed B, no longer emphasizes commonness C, maintains the inherent American thinking model D, complies with the American belief system 25. Ryan most probably agree that A. ideas are born of a relaxing mind B. inno
11、vativeness could be taught C. decisiveness derives from fantastic ideas D. curiosity activates creative minds 习题详解： 21, The view of Wordsworth habit is claimed by being:A, usual 经常的, 通常的; 寻常的, 惯常的B, familiar 熟悉的, 通晓的 冒昧的, 放肆的随便的, 非正式的C,C, mechanicalmechanical 机械的, 呆板的D, changeable 易变的 解答: Wordsworth
12、 认为习惯以何种方式便能获得视为例证题。题干问的是某人的观点，一般情况下，文中人物的观点与两个因素有关， 第一是文章的中心、主旨，另一个是文中人物观点附近出现的论点。按照这个标准回到原 文去找即可。所以本题首先由关键词“Wordsworth“定位到第一段第三句提到 William Wordsworth 的话：Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd. “这并非选择， 而是习惯会控制那些没有思想的人“，这句话其实就是一个具体的例子，通过它来论证文章 开头的论点。我们单分析例子的具体涵义还把握不了句意的时候，就应该通过分析它前面 的论点来判
13、断例子的句意。Wordsworth 话的论点就是它前面的那句，即：Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “习惯是一种有趣的现 象。我们无意识地养成了一些习惯，将大脑设置成自动驾驶仪，会不知不觉地在熟悉的日 常事物中感到轻松舒适。“unreflecting，mindlessly，auto-pilot 这些都说明人们通常 不加思考，机械
14、性做事，这也是 Wordsworth 认为的习惯的特征。因此 C 项符合题意。A 项为强干扰项，虽然原文有 relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine，但这是指习惯导致的大脑放松的状态，而不是习惯本身的特征。familiar 修饰 的是 routine。D 项也是干扰项，原文 ever-changing 修饰的是 21st century，不是习惯 的特征。B 项是将原文出现的词汇再次简单重复，干扰性不强。22, The researchers have discovered that the formation of h
15、abit can be A, predicted 可预测的 B，regulated 可控制的,可调节的 C，traced 可追踪的,可发现的 D D，guidedguided 可引导的 解答: 研究人员发现，习惯的形成可被 。细节题。由关键词 The researchers 可定位到第二段第二句 But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks. “但大脑研究人员发现，当我们有意识地培养新的习惯，就创建了平行路径，甚至是全新的脑细胞，可以让我们思绪的列车跳转到新的创新轨道上。 “。由 consciously develop 基本上可知选项 guide 符合题意，说明习惯是可以有意识的加 以引导的，故选 D。同时要注意这是个转折句，既然是转折句，我们在分析句意的时候一 定要兼顾转折前那部分句子的涵义。前面一句“因此，在创造和革新的背景下来谈论习惯， 似乎显得有点矛盾。 ”承上启下的理解：因为第一段
