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1、 专题四 形容词和副词 高考试题 考点一 形容词词义辨析 1.People complain that decisions to approve or deny a permit are often rather than based on fixed criteria.(2013 湖北,27) A.appropriate B.conscious C.arbitraryD.controversial 剖析:C 考查形容词辨析。句意:人们抱怨说,同意或拒绝授予许可证的决定通常都是任意性的 (行为),而不是基于固定的标准。此处与后面的 fixed criteria 呼应,故用 arbitrary,
2、表示“随意的,任 意的”。 2.He didnt selfishly keep for himself the money inherited from his uncle.Instead,he made a contribution to help the community.(2013 湖北,28) A.commercial B.generous C.comparable D.profitable 剖析:B 考查形容词辨析。句意:他没有自私地把从他叔叔那里继承的钱自己留着,而是慷慨地 捐赠出去,帮助社区。根据句意可知应选 B,表示“慷慨的,大方的”。commercial 商业的; comp
3、arable 可比较的,比得上的;profitable 有利可图的。 3.David is animal fur,so he wont visit anyone who has cats or dogs in the house.(2013 安徽, 30) A.curious aboutB.allergic to C.satisfied withD.fond of 剖析:B 考查形容词短语含义辨析。be curious about “对好奇”,be allergic to “对过敏”; be satisfied with“对满意”,be fond of“喜欢”。根据空格后面的.so he wo
4、nt visit anyone who has cats or dogs in the house 可知,David 对动物皮毛“过敏”。故选 B。 4.The Forbidden City attracts a stream of visitors every day,especially during national holidays.(2013 福建,25) A.constantB.mainC.powerfulD.shallow 剖析:A 考查形容词辨析。句意:紫禁城每天都吸引着络绎不绝的游客,特别是在国家法定假 日期间。a constant stream of visitors 表示
5、“络绎不绝的游客”。constant“持续不断的”,符合句意。 main“主要的”;powerful“强有力的”;shallow“浅的”。 5.Mary worked here as a secretary and ended up getting a full-time job with the company.(2013 浙江,2) A.pessimistic B.temporary C.previousD.cautious 剖析:B 本题考查形容词词义辨析。pessimistic 悲观的;temporary 临时的,暂时的;previous 先 前的,以往的;cautious 小心谨慎的
6、。根据题干的意思“玛丽曾在这儿做临时秘书,但最终在这家 公司得到了一份全职工作。 ”可知正确选项应是 B 项。 6.Interest is as to learning as the ability to understand,even more so.(2012 安徽,23) A.vitalB.availableC.specificD.similar 剖析:A 考查形容词辨析。句意:兴趣对于学习其重要性如同理解力一样,甚至更重要。 vital“至关重要的”; available“有效的,可以利用的”; specific“特殊的”; similar“相似的”。根据句 意,选 A。 【技巧点拨】
7、 此题的解题关键是能够把句式分析好,同时理解好介词 to 和不定式 to。本句是 个同级比较结构,关键是把握谁和谁相比。此句式中相比较的对象是 interest 和 the ability to understand,参照物均是 learning,第一个 to 是介词,表示“针对而言”;第二个 to 是不定式,to understand 作后置定语修饰 the ability;同时注意的一点是为了避免重复,本句有省略现象即“针 对学习的理解力”中的 to learning 省略掉了,从而增加了试题难度。完整句式应为:Interest is as vital to learning as the
8、 ability to understand to learning,even more so. 7.The research lacks evidence,and therefore,its conclusions are doubtful.(2012 浙江,10) A.solidB.fierceC.severe D.potential 剖析:A 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:此项研究缺乏强有力的证据支持,因此结论令人生疑。 solid“固体的;可靠的”;fierce“凶猛的”;severe“严厉的”;potential“潜在的”。故选 A。 8.Be you cant expect me to
9、 finish all this work in so little time.(2012 山东,33) A.reasonable B.confident C.creativeD.grateful 剖析:A 句意:通情达理点吧你不能期望我在这么短的时间内做完所有的工作。 reasonable 通情达理的;confident 有信心的;creative 有创造力的;grateful 感激的,由句意可知选 A 项。 9.The secretary arranged a(n) time and place for the applicants to have an interview.(2012 天
10、津,10) A.importantB.spare C.public D.convenient 剖析:D 句意:秘书安排了方便的时间和地点供申请者前来面试。此处的 convenient 意为“对 所有申请者都方便”。spare 有两层含义,一为“空闲的”,如 in ones spare time;二为“备用的”,如 spare tyres (备用轮胎)。 10.Can you lend me the book Gone with the Wind? Sorry.I returned it to the library just now.Maybe it is still .(2012 福建,32
11、) A.availableB.affordable C.acceptableD.valuable 剖析:A “available”意为“可以得到/买到,可以利用的”。从句中可知对方已经把书还回图书馆 了,“Maybe it is still available”意思是“你可以去图书馆看看,也许书还在那里(未被借走)。 ” 11.Can you tell the difference between the words “require” and “request”?I sometimes get puzzled by their meanings.(2012 湖北,27) A.dramatic
12、B.regionalC.apparentD.subtle 剖析:D 考查形容词辨析。句意:你能告诉我 require 和 request 之间的细微差别吗?我有时对它 们的意义感到迷惑。subtle 微妙的,微小的,符合句意。dramatic 戏剧性的;regional 地区性的,区 域性的;apparent 明显的,显而易见的;均不符合句意。 12.In that school,English is compulsory for all students,but French and Russian are .(2011 江 苏,25) A.special B.regional C.opti
13、onalD.original 剖析:C 考查形容词辨析。special 特别的;regional 地区的;optional 可选择的;original 最初的,由 转折连词 but 可知,空格处与 compulsory“必修的”一词相对应,因此选 C 项。 13.Nowadays,there is a increase in childrens creativity,for they are greatly encouraged to develop their talents.(2011 福建,30) A.sharpB.slightC.natural D.modest 剖析:A 由并列连词
14、for 后面的信息可推知学生的创造力(creativity)会有一个大的提高, sharp“急剧的”,符合语境。B 项为“轻微的,微小的”;D 项为“价格适中的,谦逊的”。14.The professor could tell by the look in Marias eyes that she didnt understand a single word of his lecture.(2011 浙江,9) A.coldB.blankC.innocentD.fresh 剖析:B 由句中“she didnt understand a single word of his lecture”可推
15、知,Maria 的表情应为茫然 的。blank look“茫然的表情”,符合语境。A 项“冷酷的”;C 项“无辜的,清白的”;D 项“新鲜的”。 15. ,she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile.(2010 安徽,31) A.Shy and cautious B.Sensitive and thoughtful C.Honest and confident D.Lighthearted and optimistic 剖析:D 考查形容词辨析。句意:无忧无虑,性情乐观,她是那种通过自己的微笑把
16、阳光传给别 人的女人。lighthearted and optimistic 是形容词短语作状语,表示主语的状态。shy and cautious 害羞谨慎的;sensitive and thoughtful 敏感多虑的;honest and confident 诚实自信的。根据 spread sunshine 和 through her smile 推知要选的形容词与开朗相关。 【技巧点拨】 形容词或形容词短语作状语,用来表示主语的状态,作伴随状语。这些词多放在 句子前面或后面,用逗号与句子分开。再如:Breathless,he rushed into the room.他气喘吁吁地冲 进了房间。 16.Studies show that people are more to suffer from back problems if they always sit
