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1、1A New Fuzzy Mathematics System for AssessmentIt is a fundamental task of HVAC to provide occupants a healthy and comfort environment. By far more and more attention has been paid to indoor air quality(IAQ). Excellent indoor air ensures health of occupants. It has become a worldwide problem and caus
2、ed many sick building syndromes(SBS) and building related illness(BRI), which can not be ignored. Indoor air quality would be one of the most important problems which developers, owners, proprietors care more about before entering 21st century. indoor air qualitysick building syndromesbuilding relat
3、ed illness ABSTRACTIt is a fundamental task of HVAC to provide occupants a healthy and comfort environment. By far more and more attention has been paid to indoor air quality(IAQ). Excellent indoor air ensures health of occupants. It has become a worldwide problem and caused many sick building syndr
4、omes(SBS) and building related illness(BRI), which can not be ignored. Indoor air quality would be one of the most important problems which developers, owners, proprietors care more about before entering 21st century.But up to now, due to lack of accepted international specific standard and uniform
5、method of assessment on indoor air quality, in many cases, some index and standards in assessment on outdoor atmosphere have to be employed when assessing indoor air quality. Stressing on this point, a new assessment system, based on fuzzy mathematics, is put forward in this paper. A full-scale asse
6、ssment on indoor air quality of 6 high-rise buildings in Shanghai is carried through. All data are from measurement on site. 1.INTRODUCTIONThere are thousands of pollutants in building. We can not measure every pollutant that can impat occupant health and comfort, but we can select some representati
7、ve pollutants as indicator for different sort of indoor contamination. The indicator and its reference value can provide a broad assessment of IAQ. The reasons for selecting indicators and their reference value are discussed as follows:CO2: Indoor CO2 s produced by the occupants and can be an useful
8、 indicator of the human bioeffluents. ASHRAE Standard 62-1989 provides a recommended maximum CO2 level of 1000 ppm, according to ASHRAE, this level is not a health risk but is a surrogate for odors produced by humans.2CO: CO is an indicator of combustion activities because it is produced by combusti
9、on processes associated with some activities such as cooking, smoking and so on. If the building has an underground garage, motor vehicle operation is a potential source of CO for the occupied portion of the building. There are no standards for maximum CO levels for office environments, but other gu
10、idelines are available. A maximum CO concentration of 10 ppm was selected for assessment based on the continuous exposure level recommended by the World Health Organization. If indoor levels of CO exceed 10 ppm it could indicate a significant indoor source.Inhalable Particles: Particles that are les
11、s than 10 micron in diameter (referred to as PM10) are of concern in terms of human health. Particles is also an indicator for occupant activities. The reference value of a maximum short-term concentration of 0.15 mg/m3 is based on the Nation Ambient Air Quality Standards set forth by EPA. This refe
12、rence value applied to inhalable particles that are less than or equal to 10 micron in diameter.When we need investigation more detailed, other parameters can be added, such as SO2, NOx, and bacteria, so as to investigate the indoor combustion activities in detail.Indoor air pollution is a major occ
13、upational health problem in occupied environments. The objective assessment of indoor air quality is usually difficult due to the cocktail effect of various pollutants. IAQ problems are often multi-factorial and difficult to analyze independent effect. Now a new objective assessment system, based on
14、 fuzzy mathematics, is put forward in this paper.The definition of fuzzy itself is indefinite. There is no specific finitude between two opposite concepts, but some quantitative difference belonging to artificialness. The instances are very common, such as young and old, tall and short, fat and thin
15、, cleanness and pollution, etc. Fuzzy cases in measurement of Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) are shown in the following table. Table1 Some criterion of Indoor pollutants IPCO2CONO2SO23CFU150mg/m31000ppm10ppm50ppb25ppb30CFU/9cm5minAccording as criterion of CO2 of Japan, there is some explicit but illogical
16、 finitude after careful analysis among the parameters above, such as, because the criterion of NO2 is 50ppb, concentration of indoor NO2 of 50.01ppb, exceeding the standard, belongs to be polluted, which can not be accepted by most people. Indoor environment includes a lot of pollutants, so definite evaluation cant come from one pollutant. If concentration of CO is 701vppm, between the
