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1、高考语法复习专题之状语从句高考语法复习专题之状语从句 1. 定义： 在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词） 、定 语或状语，或是整个句子。 2. 状语从句一般分为九大类 时间状语从句 地点状语从句 原因状语从句 目的状语从句 结果状语从句 条件状语从句 方式状语从句 比较状语从句 让步状语从句 考点一考点一 时间状语从句时间状语从句 时间状语从句通常有连词 when, as, while, before, after, since, till/ until, as soon as 等 引导。 引导时间状语从句的还有其他连词，如 the moment/the
2、 minute/ the instant, immediately/ directly/ instantly, whenever, the first time, every time, by the time, next time, hardly when, no sooner than等。 （一）when, while, as 1.when 引导时间状语从句，意为“当时”，表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发 生。When he knocked at the door, I was sleeping. 名师指津 when 还可表原因，意为“既然”。 It was foolish of y
3、ou to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes.(2012江西七校联考) 2while 引导时间状语从句，意为“与同时，在期间”，从句必须是延续性动词或 状态动词, 侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比 。 Father was cleaning the car while I was doing my homework. 3as 引导时间状语从句，意为“正当；一边一边；随着”等意思，表示两个动作交 替进行或同时发生。 As she sang, tears ran down her cheeks. 4如果主句表示的是
4、短暂动作，而从句用延续性动词，表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作， 此时 when, while, as 可以互换。 When/ While / As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine. (二) as soon as, immediately/directly/instantly, the moment/the minute/the instant 和 once 这些从 属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为“一 就”。从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。_（我一听到那个声音
5、）, I knew father was coming. The boy burst into tears _ (一见到他妈妈). 注意 no sooner .than ., hardly/scarcely .when .(一就)的时态搭配：no sooner 与 hardly/scarcely 后的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时，而 than 与 when 引导的句子谓语动词应 用一般过去时。此外，当把 no sooner 和 hardly/scarcely 提到句首时，应用倒装语序。 He had no sooner finished his speech than the students
6、started cheering.(2011辽宁高考) No sooner _ his speech than the students started cheering. 英译汉 1. They phoned immediately they reached home. _ 2. No sooner had she seen Tom than she smiled. _ 3. I want to see her the moment she arrived. _(三) the first time/ every time/ next time/ last time/ any time 这些名
7、词短语引导的时间状语从 句，表示“第一次/每次/ 下一次/上次/任何时候。 _（每次我处于困境时）, he would come to help me out. _ (下次你来的时候), do remember to bring your son here. _(上次她看见詹姆斯的时候), he was lying in bed. (四) before/since (1)表示“还未就；不到就；才；还没来得及就”。 The girl had hardly rung the bell before the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushe
8、d out to greet her.(2010福建高考) (2) It will be一段时间before . “多久之后才” It wont be一段时间before . “用不了多久就”。 John thinks it wont be long before he is ready for his new job.(2010陕西高考) (3) since 的常用句型：It is (has been)/was一段时间since(从句用一般过去时/过去完成 时) Its three years since the war broke out. 自战争爆发以来有三年了。 It is three
9、 years since I smoked a cigar. 我不吸烟有三年了。 c.f. It is three years since I began to smoke. 我吸烟有三年了。 英译汉 1. It is three years since she was in our class. _ 2. It is three years since he lived here. _ （五）until/till 1. 主句为肯定句时，谓语用延续性动词；主句为否定句时，谓语用非延续性动词。 We wont start our discussion until he comes. We wai
10、ted for him until/till six oclock yesterday afternoon. Until she arrived he remained there. 2. notuntil 句型中的强调和倒装用法。 It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it. Not until you told me did I have any idea of it. 句型转换 I didnt leave until she came back . _ she came back _leave. _ not until s
11、he came back _ I _. 题组训练题组训练 用 before, since 或 until 填空。 (1)Few people will pay full attention to their health _ they get certain incurable disease. (2)Let me take down what you have said _ I forget. (3)It will be ten years or more _ the scientists can find a cure for AIDS. (4)It is several weeks _
12、my father got drunk last time. (5)Three years had passed _ I knew it. 考点二考点二 地点状语从句地点状语从句 地点状语从句通常由连词 where, wherever, everywhere, anywhere 等引导。 where 在地点状语从句中， 除了指地点外， 还可指处境等。 1.引导地点状语从句的从属连词 where, wherever 指具体地点时，从句可位于主句之前 或之后；表示抽象的含义时， 从句需放在主句之前。 He lives where the climate is mild. You are free
13、to go wherever you like.Where there is a will, there is a way. Wherever there is smoke, there is a fire. 无火不生烟。 （无风不起浪。 ） 2.注意区分 where 引导的状语从句和定语从句。 你最好在有问题的地方做一下标记。 Youd better make a mark where you have any questions. _ Youd better make a mark at the place where you have any questions. _ 题组训练题组训练
14、单项填空 (1) After the war, a new school building was put up _ there had once been a theatre. A. that B. where C. which D. when (2) I have kept the portrait _ I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my university days in London.A. which B. where C. whether D. when 考点三考点三 原因状语从句原因状语从句 原因状语从句通常由连词 because, since, when (既然)，as, now (that), in that, seeing that, considering that（鉴于） 等引导。 _ 语气最强，述说直接原因，说明因果关系，常回答以_开头的问句， _ 被强调。 now that, since, as 引导的从句用法相似，表示_的原因。 Mum, could I go out to play now? Let me see. Yes, since you have finished all your school assign
