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1、从句（二）从句（二）状状 语语 从从 句句状语从句是一种作状语用的从句，修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词或修饰全句，补充说明时间、地点、原因、条件、方式、程度、状态等。 时间状语从句：时间状语从句：通常用下列从属连词引导：when, while, as, before, after, since（自从以来）, till (until), as soon as(刚一马上就), once(一旦), whenever 等。如：Ill give the note to him as soon as I see him.我一看见他就马上把这条子给他。The first bell was already r
2、inging before she got to the school gate.她走到学校大门之前，头遍铃已经响了。Ill go and see her after I get the new dress.我买到新衣服之后要去看她。I wont go home until I have finished my homework.我直到做完作业再回家。As you study a globe, you may notice that most of the large land areas are connected.当你研究地球仪时，你会注意到多数大块陆地是相连的。Once he under
3、stood, he did what he was told to do.一旦他明白了，他就按照吩咐的去做。When clothes are washed, they dont get dry very easily.洗了的衣服不容易干。He has read a lot since he was a child.他从小时候起已经读了许多书。Ill discuss the problem with you whenever you are free.无论你什么时间有空，我就同你讨论这个问题。 the moment/ minute/ second, immediately, directly 等
4、副词式连词也可引导时间状语从句， 意为“一就”，相当于 as soon as, 此时前面不可再加连词，也不可加 at, in, on 等介词。如：I went home directly I had finished work.我一干完活就回家了。Please phone me immediately you get home.你一到家就给我打个电话。I loved her the moment I saw her.我一看见她就爱上了她。I want to see him the minute he arrives.他一来到我就要见他。* hardly when和 no soonerthan的
5、意义相当于 as soon as, 也可引起时间状语从句，但只能用过去时，即从句谓语动词用一般过去时，主句谓语动词用过去完成时。如：I had hardly fallen asleep when I felt a soft touch on my elbow.= Hardly had I fallen asleep when I felt a soft touch on my elbow.我刚一睡着就觉得有人轻轻碰了碰我的胳膊肘。I had no sooner come home than it began to snow.= No sooner had I come home that it
6、 began to snow.我刚一到家天就开始下起雪来了。 every time, each time, by the time, soon after, shortly after 等表示时间的短语也可作为连词 使用，引导时间状语从句，此时前面也常不再加连词。如：Each time he comes to Baoding, he comes to see me.每一次他来保定的时候都来看我。You grow younger every time I see you.我每一次见到你的时候你都显得更年轻。Shortly after he took office, the Southern St
7、ates rebelled.他任职之后不久，南方各州就叛乱了。By the time he was fourteen years old, he had taught himself advanced mathematics from textbooks.到十四岁的时候，他已自学了课本上的高等数学。until 和 not until:当主句中的动词是延续性动词时，常用：until, 表示主句的动作延续到从句表示的动作发生或完成为止。如：Jim stayed up until his mother came back last night.昨晚吉姆一直熬夜到他母亲回来。I waited unti
8、l he had finished his work.我一直等到他做完工作。当主句中的动词是非延续性动词时，常用： notuntil, 表示“直到才”如：Jim didnt go to bed until his mother came back last night.昨晚吉姆直到他母亲回来才睡觉。I wont stop shouting until you let me go.直到你放我走我才停止喊叫。* not until 置于句首时，主句应用倒装语序。如： Not until his mother came back did Jim go to bed.吉姆直到他母亲回来才睡觉。* no
9、t until 也可用于强调句型：It is/was not until that如：It was not until his mother came back that Jim went to bed.吉姆直到他母亲回来才睡觉。 before 从属连词，“在之前”，但在具体的句子中，译法多种多样。表示“才” “没来得及就” “后才”如：He measured me before I could get in a word.没等我插上一句话他就给我量好了尺寸。She was angry before I could explain to her.我还没来得及向她解释，她就生气了。He aske
10、d a second question before I could answer the first question.我还没来得及回答第一个问题，他又问了一个问题。I hadnt waited long before he came.我没等多久他就来了。We can leave early in the morning before it gets too hot.不等天太热，我们一大清早就出发。They are thinking of buying the house before the prices go up.他们正在考虑趁房价未涨时把房子买下来。We walked a whole
11、 day before we got to the forest.我们走了一整天才到了森林。*before 还常用于下列句型： It wont be before用不了（多长时间）就会It will bebefore得过（多长时间）才It wasnt before没过（多长时间）就It wasbefore过了（多长时间）才It will be a long time before we finish the task.我们还需要很长时间才能完成这项任务。It wasnt long before he learned to use the computer.不久他就学会使用计算机了。It was
12、 some time before he told me about this affair.过了一段时间之后他告诉了我这件事。It wont be long before we meet again.不久之后我们还会再见面的。 when, while 和 as:when 既可引导一持续性动作，又可引导一短暂性动作。它可以表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，或从句的动作发生在主句动作之前。如：When he was a child, he used to play toys.他小时候常玩玩具。（同时）When the class was over, we began to clean our
13、classroom.下课后我们开始打扫教室。（从句动作在前）while 指“在某一段时间里”或“在期间”，表示时段或过程，强调主句与从句的行为或状态同时发生或存在。因而 while 从句必须用延续性动词。如：While I was in San Francisco, I met him twice.当我在旧金山时，我见过他两次。Please dont talk so loud while others are working.别人在干活的时候，你们不要大声喧哗。as 当表示一个人的两个动作交替或同时进行时，多用 as,表示“一边一边”。另外，当两个短促行为或事件几乎同时发生时，多用 as。这两
14、种情况一般不用 when,更不能用 while。如：She danced as she sang.她一边唱一边跳。Just as he caught the worm, he cried out.他刚抓住那只虫子，就大声叫了出来。* 当 when 引导的状语从句是系表结构（名词作表语），其主语又和主句一致时，往往可用 as 引导的省略从句代替，应注意 as 在这里是连词，不是介词。如：When he was a young man, he was a storekeeper and a postmaster.= As a young man, he was a storekeeper and
15、a postmaster.他年轻时开过零售店，后来当过邮政所所长。* when 除了作从属连词引导时间状语从句，还可作并列连词连接两个并列分句，这样用时，when 前可以用逗号，也可不用逗号。此时，when 不译作“当的时候”，而常常表示“正在时，这时另一件事发生了”。其句型有三种形式：be about to do sth. when 正要做某事时突然be doing sth. when 正在做某事时突然had done sth. when 某个动作刚开始或持续没多久，这时另一动作突然发生了如：I was about to start when the telephone rang.我刚要动身
16、电话就响起来了。He was walking by the sea when he heard a voice for help.他正在海边散步，这时突然听到呼救声。They had just begun to work when the machine broke down.他们刚开始工作，这时机器突然出故障了。 地点状语从句地点状语从句通常用 where 和 wherever 引导，二者意义基本相同，但后者感情色彩强。如：Good comrades want to go where work is hard.好同志要到工作艰苦的地方去。Where there is oppression, there is resistance.哪里有压迫，哪里就有反抗。We will go wherever the motherland ne
