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1、1语法系列复习专题十语法系列复习专题十-虚拟语气、倒装句型虚拟语气、倒装句型 虚拟语气 虚拟语气是通过特殊的谓语动词形式来表达的愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测或建议等语气，它不表示客 观存在。 一、虚拟语气在单句中的用法 常用来表示祝愿、采用固定的倒装句式。例如： Long live the Peoples Republic of China!中华人民共和国万岁！be happy! 快乐！have a good time! 玩得愉快！succeed! 成功！make progress! 进步！二、虚拟语气在复合句中的用法： 1在非真实性条件句与主句中的用法 1）表示与现在事实相反 条件从句主句 一般过
2、去时（be 多用于 were）would/should/could/might动词原形例如：If I were you,I should accept the invitation.如果我是你，我会接受邀请的。 If I had time,I would go there. 如果我有空，我就去那儿。2）与过去事实相反 条件从句主句 过去完成时would/should/could/mighthave done例如：If you had come earlier,you couldnt/wouldnt have missed the bus.如果你早点来，你就不会错过那辆公共汽车了。If he h
3、ad seen you yesterday,he would have returned your book.如果他昨天见到了你，他就会还你的书的。3）与将来事实可能相反 条件从句主句 一般过去时（be 多用 were） should do,were to dowould/should/could/might动词原形例如：If it should rain/were to rain/rained tomorrow,the sports meet would be put off.万一明天下雨，运动会就推迟。 （事实上明天下雨的可能性不大。 ）If you dropped/should drop
4、/were to drop the glass,it would break.万一杯子掉下来会打碎的。4）if 的省略 如果条件句中有 were,had,should 等助动词，可将 if 省略，而把 were,had 或 should 置于句首,来表达以 if 引导的条件句的相同意思。 例如：Should it rain/were it to rain tomorrow,the sports meet would be put off./Had he seen you yesterday,he would have returned your book.5)条件句或主句的省略 当有上下文或上
5、下句中的语言环境暗示的时候，表示虚拟语气的从句或主句往往可以省略，以避免 重复。 例如：Why didnt you attend the party yesterday?May you祝你2I would/should have,but I was too busy then. I was surprised that you didnt like this job.You could have done it better.（后面省 略了 if you had liked it.）6)混合时间条件句与主句 条件句与主句的动作发生的时间有先后之差，应按各自动作时间搭配好相应的结构形式。 例如：
6、If the teacher hadnt been ill yesterday,who could give us a lecture now?/If you had reviewed the lesson,you would answer the question now.7)含蓄条件句与主句 即用 without(but for),or(else)代替 if 从句。 例如：Without/But for his help,we wouldnt have made such great progress.If his help,we wouldnt have made such great
7、progress.2.在 as if/as though 引导的状语从句中用法： 在 as if/as though 引导的状语从句中，谓语动词多用倒退一个时间段的方式来表达虚拟语气。例 如： The man speaks as if he were a foreigner./The speaker told us a lot about that country as though he had been there many times./They talked as if they had been good friends for years.注：as if/as though 从句中
8、不一定都要用虚拟语气。如果情况真实性、可能性很大，就要用正常 时态来描绘。例如：It looks as if it is going to rain.天看起来象要下雨。 （下雨的可能性很大。 ）3在宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句中的用法： 1） 在 wish 后的宾语从句中的用法： A与过去事实相反的愿望：宾从谓语为“had done”形式。例如：I wish I had passed yesterdays exam.要是我昨天的考试及格了该多好。 B与现在事实相反的愿望：宾从谓语为“did”形式。例如：He wishes he was as clever as you./I wish I ha
9、d a large room to live in. C表示将来愿望：宾从谓语用“would/could do”形式。例如：How I wish I would go abroad next year!2)在 suggest,propose,demand,request,require,order,insist 等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语为 “(should) do”形式。例如：I suggest/propose/demand/request/require/order/ insist that he(should) be sent to the nearest hospital as soo
10、n as possible.3)在“It is (about/high) timethat 从句”结构中，that 从句的谓语用一般过去时或“should do”形式。例如：It is high time he 他该开始了。4)在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法：在 suggestion,proposal,request,requirement, advice 等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中，谓语用“(should) do”形式。例如： My suggestion is that we (should) send a few comrades to help the other groups./
11、He gave an order that the work be done at once.虚拟语气考点分析 1Alice,why didnt you come yesterday?I _,but I had an unexpected visitor. (NMET)A.had B.would C.was going to D.didthere hadnt beenwe hadnt gotstarted.should start.3析:此题 A、D 明显不合上下文，因为乙方没有去。B 选项若为 would have 则成立，可以理解为 I would have come if I hadnt
12、 had an unexpected visitor.的简略式。但此处是 would,故应排除。 只有 was going to 可得体地表达“我原本打算去的，但是有不速之客造访”这一意思。 2If there were no subjunctive,English _ much easier. (NMET)A.will be B.would have been C.could have been D.would be析：观察题干，可知全句表达的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。故答案为 D。 3The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _ the
13、rules. (NMET)A.obeys B.obey C.will obey D.would obey析：根据 insist 后的宾语从句谓语要用(should) do 形式规律，可定正确答案是 B。 4I wish I _ you yesterday.A.seen B.did see C.had seen D.were to see析：此题表与过去事实相反的原望，答案应为 C。 5 If he _ ,he _ that food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. (NMET)A.was warned;would not ta
14、ke B.had been warned;would not have takenC.wuld be warned;had not taken D.would have been warned;had not taken析：从对话看，是表达与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为 B。 6.Without electricity human life _ quite different today. (NMET)A.is B.will be C.would have been D.would be析：without 引出一个含蓄条件句，主句表述的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为 D。 7When
15、 a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it look as if it _. (NMET)A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken析；放入水中的铅笔看上去是断的，但实际上并非如此，因此是与现在的事实相反，这时 as if 从句 谓语要用一般过去时，故答案为 C。 8You didnt let me drive.If we _ in turn,you _ so tired. (NMET)A.drove;didnt get B.drove;wouldnt get C.were driving;wouldnt get D.had driven;wouldnt have got析：观察题干，可知 if 从句表述与过去事实相反的假设，因此答案只能是 D。 9I didnt see your uncle at the party.If he _ ,he would have said hello to me.A.would come
