机械工程英语5-7单元翻译

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1、Unit5 INDUSTRIAL ROBOT 工业机器人INTRODUCTION 介绍Industrial robots are relatively new electromechanical devices that are beginning to change theappearance of modern industry. 工业机器人是相对来说较新的机电设备,它已经开始改变现代工业的面貌。Industrial robots are not like the science fiction devices that possess human-like abilities and p

2、rovide companionship to space traveler. 工业机器人不像科幻小说中的那个模样具有人一样的能力并且能与其它移动物建立友谊。Research to enable robots to “see” ,“hear“, “touch“,and “listen“ has been underway for two decades and is beginning to bear fruit. 机器人能够看见听到触觉听的研究已经进行了 20 多年,现在开始开花结果了。However,the current technology of industrial robots i

3、s such that most robots contain Only an arm rather than all the anatomy a human possesses. 然而,通常所说的工业机器人技术是是大多数机器人只包含了一条臂而不是拥有人解剖学上的全部结构。Current control only allows these devices to move from point to point in space,performing relatively simple taskes. 通常的控制只允许这些机器人在空间上从点到点的移动,完成相对简单的工作。The Robotics

4、 Institute of America defines a robot as “a reprogrammable multifunction manipulator designed to move material,parts, tools,or other specialized devices through variable programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks. ” 美国机器人学会定义机器人为“一个可再编程序,多功能的机器手,它通过各种可编程的运行来完成不同的任务,用于搬用原料、零件、刀具、以及专

5、用装置。A NC machining center would qualify as a robot if one were to interpret different types of machining as different functions.如果认为不同类型的加工有不同的作用。那么一个数控加工中心也可以被认为是机器人。Most manufacturing engineers do not consider a NC machining center a robot,even though these machines hive a number of similarities.

6、大部分制造工程师认为数控加工中心不是机器人,尽管他们有很多相似之处。 The power drive and controllers of both NC machines and robots can be quite similar. 数控机构和机器人的动力驱动和控制十分相似。Robots, like NC machines can he powered by electrical motors,hydraulic systems,or pneumaticsystems. 想数控机构一样机器人能够由发动机、液压系统、气压系统提供动力。 Control for either device c

7、an lye either open-loop or closed-loop. 两种设备都能由开环控制或闭环控制。 In fact,many of thedevelopments used in robotics have evolved from the NC industry,and many of themanufacturers of robots also manufacture NC machines or NC controllers. 实际上,许多应用于机器人发展技术由数控工业演变过来并且许多机器人制造商也制造数控机床和数控控制器。A physical robot is nor

8、mally composed of a main frame (or arm) with a wrist and some tool-ing (usually some type of gripper) at the end of the frame. 实际的机器人由带有腕(或称为臂)的主机身和机器端部的工具(通常是某些的支撑器)组成。 An auxiliary power system may alsobe included with the robot. 机器人也可能有一个辅助动力系统。 A controller with some type of teach pendant,joy-st

9、ick. or key pad is also part of the system. I1 typical robotic system is shown in Fig. 5. 1.机器人系统还包括一个有一些控制环模、操作杆、键的控制器。一种典型的机器人系统如图 5、1Robots are usually characterized by the design of the mechanical system. 机器人特点通常由机械系统的设计表现,A robot whose main frame consists of three linear axes is called a Cartes

10、ian robot. 一个主要框架包括三条移动轴的机器人称为笛卡尔机器人。 The Cartesian robot derives its name from the coordinate system. Travel normally takes place linearly in three-space. 笛卡尔机器人它的名字来源于笛卡尔坐标系沿三维空间的直线移动。Some Cartesian robots are constructed like a gantry to minimize deflection along each of the axes. 一些笛卡尔机器人由龙门结构构成

11、以便使沿每个轴的偏差最小。These robots are referred to as gantry robots. 这些机器人称为龙门机器人。 Fig. 5. 2 shows examples of Cartesian robots. 图 5.2 展示了笛卡尔机器人,These robots behave and car, be controlled similarly to conventional three-axis IBC machines. 这些机器人的动作控制都相似于传统的三坐标机床。Gantry robots are generally the most accurate p

12、hysical structure for robots. 龙门结构一般来说是最正确的机器人实际结构。Gantry robots are commonly used for assembly where tight tolerance and exact location are required.龙门机器人通常用于公差较小和位置度要求较高的装配中。A cylindrical robot is composed of two linear axes and one rotary axis. This robot derives its name from the work envelope (

13、the, space in which it operates)、which is This robot derives its created by moving the axes from limit to limit 甲圆柱机器人由两个移动轴和一个旋转轴组成,这种机器人的名称来源自包围轨迹(它的功作范围),它由轴移动的极限位置构成。Fig.5。3 shows typical cylindrical robot. Cylindrical robots are used for a variety of applications,but most frequently for materia

14、l-handling operations.图 5.3 展示了典型的圆柱机器人。圆柱机器人有许多应用,最常见的是材料的搬运操作。PROGRAMMING A ROBOT给机器人编程In order for a device to qualify as a robot,it must be easily reprogrammable. 为了是设备具有资格作为机器人,它必须是容易可再编程的。Nonprogrammable mechanisms,regardless of their potential flexibility by reassembly or rewiring,do not qual

15、ify as robots. 不可编程的机构,无论其通过重新装配或再接线可实现的潜在柔性有多大,也不能算坐机器人。A class of devices that fits this category are fixed or variable-sequence robots. 许多这类设备是固定的或可变的序列机器人。 Many of these robots are pneumatically driven。很多这样的机器人是由气压驱动的。Rather than controlling the robot path. the device is driven to fixed stops or

16、 switches via some form of ladder logic. 这种机器人借助某种梯形逻辑图被驱动至一些固定的挡块活行程开关处,而不是控制它的轨迹。Although the ladder programming qualifies for the definition of a robot, the switches or stops must normally he physically moved in order to alter the tasks being performed. 虽然梯形图编程可满足机器人的运动要求,但行程开关和挡块必须正常的被整体移动,以改变所需执行的工作任务。 Drive actuators or motors are turned “on“ or “off“ de-pending on the desired sequence of tasks and switch states. 动力开动或发动机打开到“开”或“关”依据工序的要求和转换状态。Robot operations for This type of system

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