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1、Unit 9Check Your Understanding State whether each of the following statements is TRUE or FALSE. a. In the English vocabulary, one finds only two types of style: formal and informal. (F) b. Diction is dependent on some situational factors, such as field, tenor, and mode. (T) c. The English core words
2、 are often polysemic. So are most of the technical words. (F) d. English colloquialisms include basic, high-frequency words and phrasal verbs. (T) e. To attract and persuade the public, advertising language is, above all, serious and formal. (F)In-Class Activities1.The following conversation is chos
3、en from the well-known Family Album U.S.A. Read it carefully and then answer the questions that follow. The downstairs buzzer sounds. Susan goes to the intercom. Susan: Coming! Coming! She speaks into the intercom. Who is it? Michelle: Michelle. Its us, Susan. Susan: Come in, Michelle, and bring you
4、r friends along. Were on the fifth floor. Oh, youve been here before. She opens the door. Harry: Susan, I really appreciate your doing this for Michelle and her friends. Susan: Oh, please, Harry. Its nothing. Im not just doing it for Michelle. Im doing it for you. Harry: Thank you. Susan: Im doing i
5、t for us, Harry. Harry: Well, its its important for Michelle to see us together more often. Thats true. Susan: Its important for Michelle and me to get to know each other better. Thats important for us. Harry: That makes me feel good. Susan: What, Harry? What makes you feel good? Harry: Well, that y
6、ou care about Michelle, that you care about me, and that you care about us. Susan: Well, Harry, thats because I do. I do care. Harry: Theyll be here any minute. Susan, Id like to continue this conversation later. Susan: Of course, Harry. Well finish the conversation when they go to the museum. Harry
7、: Id like that. Susan: So would I. ASK: (1) What is the style of this conversation? (2) Which words in this conversation typically represent this style? Answer: (1) The style of this conversation is neutral. (2) Most of the words used are neutral: finish, continue, know2. The following is the beginn
8、ing part of the Gettysburg address by Abraham Lincoln. Four score and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new nation: conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war. . .testing whether that n
9、ation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated. . . can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that this nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that
10、we should do this. But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate. . .we cannot consecrate. . . we cannot hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say her
11、e, but it can never forget what they did here.ASK: (1) What is the style of this part of Lincolns speech? (2) What are the characteristics of the vocabulary of this part of speech? Answer: (1) The style of this speech is formal. (2) Formal words are used: dedicate, consecrate, conceive, proposition3
12、. The meanings of many sports jargons are extended into non-sports contexts. For example, kick off originally means “begin” in a soccer game; now it may mean “begin” in any context; throw in the towel originates in boxing where boxers admit defeat by throwing the towel into the ring; later it is ext
13、ended into daily conversation. ASK: (1) Can you tell what sports the following jargons originate from? (2) What are their extended meanings in non-sports contexts? Answer: a.hit a home run (baseball, extended meaning: “succeed with something”) b.jockey for position (horse race, extended meaning: “wo
14、rk oneself into a desired position”) c.make a pit stop (motor racing, extended meaning: “a brief rest”) d.tackle a problem (football or hockey, extended meaning: “attend to”) e.dirty pool (billiards, extended meaning: “Unjust or dishonest conduct”) f. take the wind out of ones sails (sailing, extend
15、ed meaning: “make less confident”) g.right off the bat (baseball, extended meaning: “immediately”) h.to be neck and neck (horse racing, extended meaning: “close, equal”) i. go to bat for someone (baseball, extended meaning: “support, help”)4. As introduced above, affixation is one method to coin new
16、 words in English advertisements. Apart from “ex-”, “super-” and “-y” are two affixes often used in English advertisements, such as superexcellent, superfine, supereminent, toasty, crispy, and juicy. ASK: (1) What do the affixes mean? (2) Can you find more English ads containing these three affixes?Answer: (1): Super-: to an extreme degree -y: full of, having the quality of5. The following three pictures bear some words. Observe the wo
