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1、毕业设计（论文）i摘摘 要要粉粒、粒状等固态物料的实时、精确计量一直是固态送料领域的难题。经过几十年的发展，随着传感技术、计算机技术、机电设备的发展，送料设备不断地完善，现在自动送料系统是生产中一个中间关键环节，它的作用是将生产中粉状、粒状物料以一定量一定速度输送到后续设备，以实现整个生产的自动化。本文设计了基于单片机控制的送料机自动送料机控制系统的结构组成，论述了单片机 AT89C51 在实现其生产过程控制的硬件与软件的设计方法。系统以AT89C51 控制核心，用 2864A 做外扩存储器来存储系统的初始数据，其主要作用的是：为了给系统设置一个合适的初态，当出现系统程序错乱，能回到的初态；利
2、用扩展并行接口来外接控制按键，以此来接收操作命令。同时为了让工作者能了解到各按键的状态，再给系统接入发光二极管来显示相应按键的状态；采用 LED 静态显示来显示工作时间量变化情况；为了使 LED 位信息与单片机输出的信息相对应，在两者之间接了译码器 MC14511B；为了能及时确定生产线的满料状态，给系统设计了一个满料中断电路，同时为抗干扰，将满料信号进行光耦隔离；为了让系统能稳定工作，防止程序乱飞，给系统设计了一个看门狗电路；为解决各外设与单片机 AT89C51 速度不等的情况，在两者之间接了锁存器；最后给系统接了一个内部时钟振荡器。本设计的最终目标是做到用一台电机控制两条生产线，由方向阀来
3、控制系统是处于送料还是排料状态，具有抗干扰性，实现供料自动化，提高生产效率。同时本控制系统可以根据送料工艺的需要，设置两条生产线的输送、排料、满料、空料等参数值。关键词关键词：自动送料机控制系统 、单片机、AT89C51 、硬件设计、 软件设计自动送料机控制系统设计iiAbstractThe feeding for the powder and granule is the difficult problem in the dosing domain in the last several years，along with technology of measurement、computer、
4、sensor made rapid progress，the feeding machine also made huge improvement. Now，automatic dosing system is a key part among the recipeproduction system. The function of the automatic dosing system is，feed raw materials to its downstream machines according the recipe，to realize the automatic productio
5、n.In these papers the structure composition and working principle of automatic feed machine based on single chip microcomputer are introduced in these papers ，to realize its industrial process controls hardware and software design method by AT89C51.AT89C51 is a system control center. SCM is based on
6、 doing things with the 2864A extended memory to store the systems initial data,mainly to the system settings to an appropriate initial state, when there are system procedures disorder, it can return to the initial state; Using the extended parallel interface to the external control buttons, in order
7、 to receive operation commands,and in order for workers to understand the state of the button, give the system access to light-emitting diode to display the status of the corresponding keys; With LED display to display a static amount of working time changes; For making LED digital information and m
8、icrocontroller output information corresponding, connection decoders MC14511B between them; In order to determine the production line of full and timely material status, design a material interruption of the circuit over the same time as the anti-interference,Interference will be full of materials f
9、or the opto-isolated signal;designing a watchdog circuit for the system in order to make the system stable, and prevent disordering procedures; For the system to resolve the various peripherals and the microcontroller AT89C51 varying speed conditions, indirecting in both the latch; Finally installed
10、 an internal clock oscillator in the system.The ultimate goal of this design is to do two production lines with a single motor control, valve to control the direction of the feed system is still nesting in the state, to 毕业设计（论文）iiihave an anti-interference, to achieve feeding automation，to increase
11、productivity. The control system also can feed the needs of technology, set two production lines of transportation nesting, full of material, space materials and other parameters.Key Words：automatic feed mechanism system 、single chip microcomputer AT89C51、 Hardware design 、software design毕业设计（论文）第 1
12、 页 共 94 页目录目录摘 要. Abstract. 第 1 章 绪 论.2 1.1 设计背景和研究意义 .2 1.2 自动送料机控制系统的工作原理及技术要求 .3 1.3 系统的主要技术参数 .3 1.4 系统设计方案的选择 .3 第 2 章 系统总体设计.8 2.1 单片机的选择 .8 2.2 物位传感器的选择 .9 2.3 存储器扩展电路的选择 .112.4 LED 显示电路选择.142.5 键盘输入电路 .15 2.5 小结 .15 第 3 章 自动送料机主电路设计.17 3.1 系统结构原理图 .17 3.2 主机电路核心器件介绍 .17 3.3 显示电路 .26 3.4 继电器控制电路 .30 3.5 键盘及显示电路 .31 3.6 外部存储器扩展电路 .36 3.7 看门狗 MAX813L 电路 .40 3.8 料位开关 .42 3.9 硬件连接 .44 3.10 小结 .45 第 4 章 系统软件设计.
